**3. Methodology**

In order to study the electrical characteristics (I–V) of PV a panels, depending on the amount of the soiling accumulated on a PV glass, two soil samples were collected *Utilization of MOSFET Transistor to Characterize PV Panels under Dust: Study Area… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109731*

**Figure 1.** *Moroccan solar energy field and experimental study sites.*

**Figure 2.** *Meteorological data of Agadir area between 24/02/2021 and 06/09/2021.*

from the area of Agadir-Morocco in the Souss-Massa plain. The following experimental protocol was adopted. Upon collected, the dust samples were sieved to get a fine powder of less than 150 μm particles diameter. The particles were then placed on the solar module SX330J as a test panel. **Table 1** shows the electrical parameters of the PV module supplied by the manufacturer.

Two analytical techniques were used to reach the electro-optic properties of the collected dust. JASCO V730 UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to compare the evolution of optical transmittance of light (300–1100 nm) as a function of dust density. The electrical circuit proposed in this article is realized with an Arduino UNO board, as a unit of acquisition, control, and transfer of data (Ipv and Vpv), in real time, to a computer via the PLX-DAQ tool [12, 13]. The Arduino module generates a PWM signal, then this signal is injected to an RC filter to control the variation of the voltage VGS of the MOSFET [14].


#### **Table 1.**

*PV panel SX330 parameters at STC (1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> and 25°C).*

The measurements of the current (Ipv) and the voltage (Vpv) at the output of the PV panel under test are performed using Arduino compatible current and voltage sensors. For the temperature of PV panel, it is measured by a thermocouple, while the irradiance is measured by the FI 109SM solarimeter (**Figure 3**).

The assumptions of the work focus on:

**Figure 3.** *Realized test bench of PV panel under dust effect.*

*Utilization of MOSFET Transistor to Characterize PV Panels under Dust: Study Area… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109731*


For the accuracy of the material used, the JASCOV-730 Spectrophotometry has excellent spectroscopic performance suitable even for research applications as well as educational. The advanced optical design features a wide wavelength range of 190– 1100 nm, stray light less than 0.02% and a spectral bandwidth of 1.0 nm, enough to satisfy any pharmacopeia requirement, and can performs spectral measurements at scanning speed up to 8000 nm/min [15]. The instrument developed for the electrical acquisition of the voltage and current of the solar panel has been subjected to a calibration process based on a digital multimeter tester DGM-360 [16]. This instrument has a resolution on the voltage of 0.01 V in the range of 60 V–4 V, and on the current intensity a resolution of 0.001 A in the measurement range 6 A. The uncertainty given by the manufacturer is 0.02% [12].
