*2.1.1.2 Working of a solar cell*

Because the p-type layer is so thin, light photons can easily access the p-n junction. This allows light to go through the material more quickly. A sufficient quantity of energy is supplied to the circuit by the photons of light, which enables the circuit to

#### **Figure 2.** *Construction of solar cell.*

generate a significant number of electron-hole pairs. Because of the light, the link is no longer in a condition of thermal equilibrium. This is because of the light. Free electrons have an easier time making their way to the n-type side of the junction when they are located in an area that is deficient in electrons. The depletion produces holes that have the capability of rushing to the P-type side of the link, where they can cause further damage. The barrier potential of the junction halts the freshly formed free electrons in their tracks as soon as they reach the n-type side, rendering them unable to continue crossing the junction. This occurs as soon as the electrons reach the n-type side.

Once they have reached the p-type side of the junction, newly generated holes are unable to continue crossing the junction because of the constant barrier potential that exists between the two sides of the junction. When the number of electrons on one side of a p-n junction (the n-type side) is greater than the number of holes on the opposite side of the junction, the p-n junction behaves like a small battery cell. This occurs when the number of electrons on the n-type side of the junction is greater than the number of holes on the other side of the junction (the p-type side). The voltage that is generated is known as "photovoltage," which is only another word for what it is. When there is only a light load placed across the junction, there will only be a very small amount of current flowing through it.
