**5. Manufacturing of transparent solar panels**

Polysolar is developing transparent solar panels for buildings, canopies, and greenhouses applications. These panels can be used on walls with non-directional ambient sunlight. They have installed transparent solar panels in some buildings and bus shelters. This has allowed manufacturing of PV powering interactive displays, lighting, and signage. They have achieved power conversion efficiency of up to 12–15% in gray-tinted panels. Polysolar is trying to cover maximum area for generation of solar power and increase the transparent PV footprint in various sectors [27].

Thin-film PV cells (in *orange color*) are deposited as a naturally translucent layer onto the glass (*blue*) before another glass sheet is laminated on top as shown in **Figure 5**. They allow the panels to work at a much higher efficiency at varying angles than regular solar panels and can generate solar power at low levels of sunlight [28–30].

Ubiquitous energy is also developing transparent PVs using semiconductor with higher efficiencies and transparencies. They are also trying to assemble panels on electronic devices such as mobile phone display to self charge the devices.

**Figure 5.**

*Thin-film photovoltaic cells (in orange) are deposited as a naturally translucent layer on to the glass (blue).*
