**1. Introduction**

The price of electricity increases every year. Moreover, with the global geopolitical context and the French energy context (planned partial replacement of the nuclear part by renewable energies), the cost of energy is likely to increase further. In addition, the massive arrival of connected objects (IoT), the increase of the electric car fleet, the democratization of telecommuting which will be accompanied by an increase in residential consumption. Therefore, the French are looking for solutions to reduce their energy bill. One of the possibilities is the installation of devices producing electricity from renewable energy, such as photovoltaic solar panels, which appear today as the most promising option for 31% of the French [1].

Indeed, the installation of photovoltaic panels in France is growing. At the end of 2019, 4,54,934 photovoltaic installations were recorded, corresponding to an installed capacity of 9904 MW, including 28,683 new installations in 2019 alone (966 additional MW) [2].

Of the 37 million customers in France registered by Enedis, 1.23% have a photovoltaic installation. Thus, the capacity for panel installation is still immense.

In 2019, 87% of installations were below 9 kWp (57% <3 kWp, 30% >3 kWp, and < 9 kWp) proving that the French prefer house-scale installations, and that the notion of collective production has not yet fully arrived in France [3].

Moreover, self-consumption has been developing more than the total resale since 2015. Between 2018 and 2019, 85% of installations were for self-consumption with surplus sale (158 MW) or without sale and without injection (36 MW). But all the selfconsumption finally represents only 1.95% of the total French solar park.

Nevertheless, 1 out of 2 French people find that the investment is too expensive and becomes a brake to the installation of panels.

But really, is the installation of photovoltaic panels advantageous in all situations for the individual?
