**2. Architecture of WSN**

A wireless sensor network [4–7] consists of Base station and many sensor nodes. The primary constituent of a Wireless Sensor Network is a cluster of interconnected sensor nodes. Wireless sensors are highly distributed, lightweight nodes deployed in large number to monitor the environment or system. These sensors constitute a network which is distributed on ad-hoc basis, which means they work on wireless connectivity and sensor nodes are fitted with on board processor.

These sensor nodes can have many features namely Sensor Subsystem, Processing system and Communication System. Now we are going to discuss these features briefly.


Optional components –


On the other hand Base Station is an end point device that gets all the processed data from the sensor nodes and it performs aggregation as well as fusion for the purpose of analysis and controlling it.

*Wireless Sensor Networks Challenges and Solutions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109238*

Now we will see how a wireless sensor network works. A number of interconnected sensor nodes are arranged and rearranged to make a group and it is connected to a Base Station. As mentioned earlier, Base Station acts as the terminal point of a sensor network system and collects all the information from the group of sensor nodes. This Base Station is eventually linked to the internet. There could be other sensor node- Base Station systems connected to the internet. Thus a complex network of sensors are formed to get various data communicated through the internet so that the information can be used for different purpose according to the user's need like processing, mining, storing or analysis (**Figure 2**).
