**3. Recent development in the temperature sensors**

There is a recent development in temperature sensors, thanks to innovation. Active-matrix flexible temperature sensors and self-powered flexible temperature sensors are two examples of flexible temperature sensors that have recently been studied and optimised. Flexible temperature sensors also include flexible thermocouples, flexible thermistors, and flexible thermochromic types [26].

Printable, high-sensitivity flexible sensors have been explored to provide temperature monitoring of patients. There is a trend toward developing wearable sensors that can monitor temperature, circumventing traditional issues with bulky equipment and errors in measurement due to numerous factors such as the wearer's movement [26].

Gems sensors are made to detect or measure a media (air, gas, oil, water, steam, etc.). It may occasionally be essential to modify its attributes (level, volume, flow, pressure and temperature). Sometimes all that is required is to observe or record the media properties.

In order to represent the measurement or detection of the media, sensors send an output signal. After receiving the output, west controllers' devices can display, record, and/or control the process to modify the media's attributes to suit the application [27].

**Figure 13.**

*Gems measurement continuous sensor [27].*

#### **Figure 14.**

*The gems 3100 series pressure transducer.*

**Figure 13** shows gems continuous measurement sensors deliver a linear output to reflect the whole sensor range. DC voltage, current and frequency outputs are the three most typical linear outputs for sensors [27].

On the majority of versions, west controllers include a universal input. This supports most linear output kinds from gems sensors. However, it would help if you made sure the needed output is supported because west controllers do not support all output types offered by gems sensors [27].

**Figure 14** shows the Gems 3100 Series Pressure Transducer, which may deliver 4– 20 mA (milliamp) current or DC voltage outputs of 0–5, 1–5 and 0–10 VDC. The scale of these numbers corresponds to the pressure range that the transducer was designed. For example, the transducer would supply 4 mA at 0 PSIG (pounds per square inch, gauge) and 20 mA at 750 PSIG (pounds per square inch, gauge) if the 4–20 mA output for 0–750 PSIG was used, respectively. The universal input for 4–20 mA and the complete range of the 0–750 scale are both programmed into the West 6100 Plus Series Controller.
