**1. Introduction**

The Menoua watershed is a hydrosystem where agriculture is the main form of land use [1]. The combined effect of ancestral farming practices, which often do not take soil conservation into account (slash-and-burn method, absence of fallows, ridging along steep slope) [2], high rainfall (2000 mm/year), relief, soil type (ferralitic soils), and the regression of the plant cover promotes water erosion. This leads to soil

degradation and a drop in agricultural production potential. This phenomenon creates imbalances and damage in the production basins: degradation of the topsoil with loss of fertilizing elements upstream and excessive deposits of alluvium downstream [3, 4].

As such, the need to achieve risk reduction by identifying potential sites with high erosive sensitivity is the major objective of this study. It will be a question of researching for this intra-mountain space, the natural and/or anthropogenic predispositions that characterize the sites prone to this phenomenon of soil erosion. It is therefore important to identify these areas by taking into account the biophysical and environmental realities, which predominate in the watershed in order to improve the sustainability of production systems. Therefore, in order to map the sensitivity of soils to erosion in the Menoua watershed, an approach based on modeling, which makes it possible to intersect factors taken into account for the mapping of soil sensitivity to erosion using GIS was chosen. This chapter mainly deals with the methodology for mapping the sensitivity of soils to erosion. It is divided into four main parts. The first part presents the geographical framework of the study area, the second briefly details the methodology used while results and discussion are presented in the third and fourth parts, respectively.
