**Acknowledgments**

We would express our sincere thanks to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife, U.P.) for granting permission for the study. We express our gratitude to Shri. Sanjay Pathak (Field Director) and Shri. Manoj Kumar Sonkar (Deputy Director) of Dudhwa Tiger Reserve for their kind support. We are also thankful to park staff, including range officers, forest guards, and 'Mahouts,' for their help and cooperations from time to time during the study.
