**Abstract**

The so-called Tropical Forests, in the case of Colombia, which is located biogeographically in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, that is, in the Equatorial Zone, are really equatorial forests. The high Andean forests that correspond to those above 2500 m above sea level are ecosystems of high ecological importance, due to their location on the border of temperate zones, known as coffee climates that are between 1200 and 2200 m above sea level and the cold zones corresponding to the Andean subpáramos and moors above 3200 m above sea level. In these ecosystems, there is great biodiversity that configures them as ecotones of great importance for the survival and conservation of species that have been adapting to difficult exploitation conditions, which have them at high risk of extinction, due to the expansion of the agricultural frontier and climatic factors such as torrential rains and extreme droughts exacerbated in recent decades. Due to the climate variability that currently characterizes global warming processes. In recent years, peasant resistance movements have emerged for the defense of the territory, which configures it as a scenario of active and growing socio-ecological conflicts.

**Keywords:** high Andean forests, socioecology, environmental conflicts, equatorial forests, peasant population
