Contents




Preface

This book includes 17 chapters on the tropical biomes of Africa, Asia, and Central America. The studies address tropical diversity, the danger of species extinction, and the conservation and development of tropical forests. Some authors call for the management of tropical forests to be more in line with sustainable development, which is why greater efficiency in the management of ecosystem services is advocated. Due to the low per capita income of populations located in tropical areas, the research presented is dedicated to studies on the ecology, flora, and vegetation of tropical ecosystems. Chapters also highlight the relevance of ecosystem services in combining

The editors wish to thank the staff at IntechOpen, especially Author Service Manager Mrs. Maja Bozicevic, for the opportunity to edit this important book. We are also

**Dr. Eusebio Cano Carmona**

University of Jaén Las Lagunillas,

Professor of Experimental Sciences,

Complutense University of Madrid,

**Dr. Carmelo Maria Musarella**

Section of Didactics of Experimental Sciences,

"Mediterranea" University of Reggio Calabria,

Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology,

Department of Didactics of Experimental Social Sciences and Mathematics,

Professor of Botany,

Section of Botany,

**Dr. Ana Cano Ortiz**

Faculty of Education, Madrid, Spain

Professor of Botany, Department of AGRARIA,

Reggio Calabria, Italy

Jaén, Spain

and accomplishing conservation and development.

grateful to the authors for their excellent contributions.
