**4. Continent's natural hazards: 1900–2022**

An estimated 45,000 people die yearly due to natural disasters, representing about 0.1% of global deaths. The number and proportion of fatalities caused

**Figure 1.** *The diagram shows the increased and completed of recorded natural hazards during 1900–2022.*

#### **Figure 2.**

*(a) Frequency, (b) deaths, (c) total affected people, (d) direct economic losses (US dollars) per natural hazard types, based on the top ten countries in the world (1900–2022).*


#### **Table 1.**

*Statistical results on natural hazards, based on the top ten countries in the world (1900–2022).*

by natural disasters have fluctuated in recent decades. While the number of deaths often falls below 10,000, the impact of major events, such as the famine and drought in Ethiopia in 1983–1985, the Indian Ocean 2004 earthquake and
