**3. Conclusions**

Following disasters, most people experience unpleasant emotions and experiences. Reactions may be a combination of confusion, fear, despair, helplessness, insomnia, physical pain, anxiety and anger, grief, shock, violence and mistrust, guilt and shame, and loss of trust and self-confidence. Psychological first aid provides a safe, comfortable, connected, self-efficacious, empowered, and hopeful environment.
