**3. The most common natural hazards in the world**

In the twenty-first century, reporting natural hazards and their types has become more advanced and comprehensive on a global scale (**Figure 1**) [5, 6]. **Figure 2** and **Table 1** provide statistical analysis of natural hazards. The data from the top ten countries indicate that 6358 significant natural hazards (excluding biological and extraterrestrial disasters) occurred between 1900 and 2022.

Of all hazards, 2410 were caused by storms, representing the highest frequency at 38% of the total. 1840 were caused by floods, accounting for 29%. 894 were caused by earthquakes, accounting for 14%. 410 were caused by landslides, accounting for 7%. 270 were caused by wildfires, accounting for 4%. 255 were caused by extreme temperatures, accounting for 4%. 192 were caused by volcanic activities, accounting for 3%. And 87 were caused by drought, accounting for 1% (**Table 1**, **Figure 2a**).
