Preface

The catastrophic earthquake sequence in Türkiye and Syria in February 2023 is a reminder that many aspects of earthquake science need further multidisciplinary research. Scientists and engineers must understand the fault's rupture and estimate the earthquake's ground motion and its consequences on building performance. In other words, a new educational curriculum must merge the seismology, geotechnical, and structural engineering fields to fulfill research trends and demand practices. This book attempts to start to do so.

*Earthquakes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications* results from the tireless effort of thirteen distinguished scholars from eight countries and is organized into four sections containing nine chapters.

Section 1, "Tectonics and Seismicity", includes Chapters 1–4. In Chapter 1, Motazedian and Ma study the June 23, 2014, M 7.9 Rat Islands Alaska earthquake by applying a full moment tensor inversion and a source rupture model accompanied by hypocenter relocations of aftershocks. The chapter can be used to teach how to perform inversions at universities and research centers for engineers and seismologists. In Chapter 2, Bogdanov and Pavlov construct probabilistic models that make it possible to trace self-consistent changes in space, time, and energy for background earthquakes preceding a strong event (e.g., M > 7.0) by employing wavelet decomposition methods, including depth uncertainty, in the analysis. The authors use the earthquake catalog for the Kamchatka regional network of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the period 1994–1997. In Chapter 3, Salazar presents a methodology to test the Weibull and Poisson probability distribution of earthquakes, employing a clustered and declustered catalog based on subduction events in El Salvador; magnitude conditional probabilities are computed for a time-dependent seismic hazard assessment. In Chapter 4, Motazedian and Ma recalculate the original parameters of the intraplate 1982 Miramichi earthquake and aftershocks using a master-event location method combined with regional depth-phase modeling.

Section 2, "Earthquake Forecasting", includes Chapter 5 in which N. Solarić and M. Solarić present a prominent application of GPS satellites for earthquake forecasting, analyzing the distance changes amongst different Earth stations before and after an earthquake occurrence.

Section 3, "Geotechnical Engineering", includes Chapter 6, in which Hsu presents an improvement of the classical methodologies to calculate the bearing capacity on soils considering the strain softening and asymmetric shear failures under the finite element analysis. It also presents new findings on Coulomb's earth pressures and slope stability analysis.

Section 4, "Building Structures", includes Chapters 7–9. Chapter 7 by Apak summarizes the morphology of the vernacular structures in Türkiye at Adana City and presents a qualitative analysis of these heritage buildings due to vertical, seismic, and wind loadings, including out-of-plane behavior. Chapter 8 by Alomari describes the risks associated with modifying the structural systems of buildings. It also shows remedial measures locating special devices to reduce the earthquake response of the structures. Chapter 9 by Trcala, Němec, and Gálová explains several structural dynamics techniques employing accelerograms as input excitation of buildings in the nonlinear range behavior.

> **Walter Salazar, Ph.D.** Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Catholic University of El Salvador UNICAES, Santa Ana, El Salvador

> > Section 1

Tectoncis and Seismicity

Section 1
