**Acknowledgements**

This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under the Discovery Grant programs. We gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions from the academic editor Gaurav Chauhan for INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The waveform records were processed using SAC2000, *redseed* and *geotool* programs. Some of the figures were prepared using MATLAB and Generic Mapping Tools. Dr. Lingling Ye at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California provided a version of the source rupture modeling program. We are grateful for her help.
