**1. Introduction**

The architecture for new and future generation aircraft engines is on the horizon. Building the architecture of a new product is a key design task that affects the steps of product development lifecycle. According to Ulrich, product architecture is the scheme by which the functional components of a product are allocated to physical units [1]. This definition has been widely accepted by many organizations. Comfort, safety, seating capacity, reliability and speed are important factors in today's world of urban air mobility electrification. Rapid technological advancement requires rapid research into stronger lightweight materials and higher battery densities to innovate and grow the product architecture to the next level and embrace the future of commercial flight.

The design of an aircraft engine has been relatively similar for decades, utilizing gas turbine fundamentals since the early twentieth century. Hybrid-electric technology is a crucial means of establishing new standards for aviation sustainability in a variety of applications by maximizing the propulsion system's efficiency. Building blocks of the design structure matrix (DSM) for hybrid-electric engines will be created to compare the architectures between gas turbine and hybrid-electric engines. At the end of the chapter, the matrix will map out and outline product change during technology insertion and solve the question on how a modular architecture could make standardization possible.
