**1. Introduction**

The oil spill is a popular topic for pollution discussion because of the extent of the environmental harm it can produce. Additionally, it may have a variety of negative effects on ecosystems and economies, ranging from immediate extinction of species and habitat destruction to long-term water contamination effects. These outcomes can be disastrous and can include everything from long-term water pollution to irreversible changes in species populations and habitat destruction. This introductory chapter would be demonstrated a variety of other concepts in addition to oil spills, in the author's opinion.
