**7. Conclusion**

The deployment of EKD systems has become imperative for executing drilling and completion operations in deep offshore environments which are prone to LOWC incidents to prevent the dire consequences of past accidents. The Coriolis mass flowmeter is integral to EKD systems for accurate differential flow measurements. Other meters such as electromagnetic flowmeters and Venturi channels with ultrasonic sensors are used when operational constraints limit the use of Coriolis mass flowmeters. Downhole monitoring, along the marine riser down to the mudline via ultrasonic Doppler sensors transmitted via optical fiber and near the drill bit through pressure while drilling, has proven valuable in complementing surface measurements in achieving EKD. Smart fingerprinting using machine learning algorithms help in minimizing false alarms which could arise due to well breathing and ballooning when the pumps are off. Automation in well control can be achieved for conventional

overbalance drilling operations by coupling an AWC system to the drilling rig for fast well shut-in or through automated CBHP-MPD for a closed annulus. For future well projects with high LOWC risks, EKD with AWC whether for an open or closed annulus should be incorporated into the well program prior to well construction to ensure safe project delivery.
