Meet the editors

Dr. Rampal Pandey is currently a senior Assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand. He has been a DST Inspire Faculty member for the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under "Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research" (INSPIRE) program, a Research Associate, and a junior (JRF) and senior research fellow (SRF). He obtained BSc and MSc degrees from

APS University, India, and a Ph.D. from Banaras Hindu University (BHU), India. He has more than 15 years of teaching and research experience. He has research/ academic projects worth ~50 Lakhs (INR) and thirteen awards/recognitions/ appreciations to his credit, including an Inspired Teacher Award. Dr. Pandey has published more than fifty-five papers and has been granted two patents. He has delivered many invited lectures at national and international seminars/Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs)/Short Term Courses (STCs). Dr. Pandey serves as a coordinator for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and a content writer for the e-PG-Pathshala programme of the Ministry of Education. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, Society of Material Chemistry, Solar Energy Society of India, and Indian Society of Chemists and Biologists. He is a section and academic editor as well as a reviewer for several journals. He is also a Ph.D. supervisor.

Israel Pala-Rosas is a biochemical engineer. He obtained a master's degree in Chemical Engineering from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, and a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering Science from the School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Dr. Pala-Rosas has experience in production and quality in the canned food and beverage industry, as well as

in the processing of triglycerides for the production of soap and biodiesel. He has been a professor at different universities and a thesis co-director for undergraduate and master's students at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México. His interests include the research and development of catalytic and biotechnological processes for the transformation of biomass-derived molecules to compounds of technological and industrial interest. He focuses his work on the synthesis, characterization, and testing of catalysts, as well as the design and analysis of chemical and biochemical reactors. Areas related to the catalytic processes, such as chemical thermodynamics, unit operations, and economics, are also under his scope. Dr. Pala-Rosas has published research articles on the use of zeolites for the synthesis of pyridine bases from acrolein and ammonia, the catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein, heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, and biomaterials. He is the author of a book chapter dealing with the production of acrolein from glycerol and the editor of the book *Current Drying Processes*.

José Luis Contreras Larios obtained a Ph.D. in Sciences from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, México, as well as master's and engineering degrees in Chemical Engineering from the School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Dr. Contreras has more than 40 years of industrial and research experience in heterogeneous catalysis. Currently, he is a research professor and head of

the Chemical Industry Processes curriculum of the Chemical Engineering Program, Energy Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, México, where he teaches undergraduate and postgraduate courses on catalytic materials, chemical reactors, transport phenomena, unit operations, and process engineering. He has also directed undergraduate and postgraduate theses on chemical engineering topics such as chemical reactors, catalysis, and process and environmental engineering. Dr. Contreras is the author of several patents and internationally indexed articles. His research and application areas are focused on the synthesis and characterization of catalysts for processes in chemical and environmental engineering, such as the production of niacinamide from glycerol, hydrogen synthesis by bioethanol and glycerol reforming, fixation of CO2 emissions from thermoelectric power plants using algae, and the design of catalytic converters for diesel and gasoline machines. He is a level I member of the National System of Researchers in Mexico.

José Salmones obtained a master's in Chemical Engineering and a doctorate in Science from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México. He obtained a degree in chemical engineering from the Universidad Veracruzana, México. Dr. Salmones has taught countless courses in the Postgraduate Studies and Research Section of the School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México,

since 2004. Previously, he held various positions at the Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo and at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. He is the author of sixty-five internationally indexed articles, co-author of a published book, author of two book chapters and twenty-seven registered patents. He has 217 papers in national and international forums to his credit. He has supervised eighteen bachelor's, ten master's, and two doctorate theses. He is a level II member of the National System of Researchers in Mexico. His current research deals with the synthesis and application of catalysts and nanostructured materials for the synthesis and storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

## Contents



Preface

In the wake of more stringent health and environment concerns, the world requires more and clearer awareness about the production of valuable chemicals from bio-resources or natural products as well as the use of these natural products in areas of health and environment. With this objective in mind, *Ethanol and Glycerol Chemistry – Production, Modelling, Applications, and Technological Aspects*, discusses the green production of ethanol and glycerol by feasible methods and their possible applications in medical sciences and for environmentally friendly fuel production via a practical approach and

The book is organized into three sections and nine chapters contributed by authors from around the globe. Section 1, "Production of Ethanol and Glycerol", is an introductory section that includes three chapters. Chapter 1 by Manikandan Kanagasabai et al., focuses on the production of ethanol from bioresources. Chapter 2 by Chakali Ayyanna et al., discusses the production of bioethanol. Chapter 3 by Lethiwe D. Mthembu et al., illustrates the catalyzed production and applications of glycerol.

Section 2, "Conversion of Glycerol into Aromatic Compounds", focuses on the transformation of glycerol into valuable organic products and includes two chapters. Chapter 4 by Israel Pala-Rosas et al., describes the synthesis of pyridine bases from glycerol using sustainable methods. Chapter 5 by Patrick U. Okoye et al., deals with the preparation of bio-based aromatics via catalytic transformation of glycerol.

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in Food and Fuel Systems.

Karamatic, and Ms. Ana Javor.

Section 3, "Applications", includes four chapters on applications of ethanol in medical sciences. Chapter 6 by Ali Amoushahi et al., illustrates the utility of ethanol inhalation in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Chapter 7 by Steven W. Stogner et al., focuses on the use of an old treatment, nebulized ethanol, for a new disease. Chapter 8 by Pietro Salvatori et al., theoretically describes the utility of ethanol inhalation for the disinfection of SARS-COV-2-contaminated airways. Finally, Chapter 9 contributed by Guilherme D. Machado et al., illustrates the modelling of Ethanol to predict the

We congratulate all the authors for providing quality data, research, and analysis and participating in this volume. We would like to thank the staff at IntechOpen, especially Author Service Managers Ms. Marija Nezirovic, Ms. Martina Ivancic, Ms. Nika

> **Dr. Rampal Pandey** Department of Chemistry,

National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand,

appropriate modelling.
