**8. Conclusion**

AI is a common complication affecting morbidity and mortality in LVAD patients. While the de novo AI development mechanism is unknown, it was linked to commissural fusion, lack of AV opening, and alteration of valvular tissue mechanics. Preexisting AI also worsens in post-LVAD, interfering with the pump benefits.

*Ventricular Assist Devices – Advances and Applications in Heart Failure*
