Preface

Humans are the most crucial elements of any production system, regardless of any relevant technological advancements. As such, the main goal of any system is to design the workspace in a way that maximizes the productivity of the human operator. When attempting to boost output, effectiveness, and quality within the production system, ergonomics is the most important science to consider.

Ergonomics has three pillars: physical, organizational, and cognitive. This book presents recent advances in each of these three pillars to guide researchers in future studies in ergonomics. It is organized into four sections.

The first section introduces the topic. The second section presents current studies on physical ergonomics, including studies on musculoskeletal disorders, injuries, and prevention strategies. The third section focuses on organizational ergonomics and examines work design, working conditions, and workplace design. The fourth and final section examines cognitive ergonomics and the role of the human operator in the era of Industry 4.0.

I would like to thank Ms. Sara Tikel who helped me with a positive attitude at every single step of the publication process. Moreover, I would like to thank to my son, Kaya, for the love and inspiration he brought to our lives.

> **Orhan Korhan** Department of Industrial Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus

**1**

Section 1

Introduction

Section 1 Introduction

#### **Chapter 1**
