**2.2 (S2.2) Operators in BDO-Logic**


BA φ roughly means that A believes that it must be the case φ and MA φ roughly means that A believes that it may be the case φ. Stipulation (S2.2.a) expresses a standard logical characterization of doxastic state. Characterization (S2.2.b) expresses the idea that a normative belief is formed with a presupposition of a belief base (see **Figure 1**). For example, an obligation of payment of a ticket in a museum presupposes the belief that there is such a museum. (S2.2.b) also claims that what is believed

**Figure 1.** *Mental states of an agent (BDO-system).*

cannot be normatively believed. Thus, an agent who once recognized that the required obligation was fulfilled is released from this obligation. For example, if you have already paid for a ticket, then you are released from obligation of the payment. Conforming with the standard view, (S2.2.b) characterizes permission as a deontological possibility. According to (S2.2.c), an agent who once recognized that the original desire was fulfilled will no longer try to fulfill this desire. For example, if you have already bought a book you wanted to read and recognized this result, then your desire of buying the book would disappear.

Based on BDO-Logic, I characterize intention as decision-making.
