Meet the editors

Diana Loreta Păun, MD, Ph.D., FACE, is an Associate Professor of Endocrinology at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy and an endocrinologist at the National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania. Dr. Paun has acquired a comprehensive array of qualifications within her field, encompassing diabetology, osteoporosis, endocrine ultrasonography, and public health. She was General Manager of the Institute of

Endocrinology from 2006 to 2015. In 2019, she became the Presidential Advisor for Health to the president of Romania. Dr. Paun is a fellow of the American College of Endocrinology, former president of the Romanian chapter of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), and a member of the Romanian Societies of Endocrinology and Psychoneuroendocrinology, and the Romanian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

Pasquale Cianci is a general surgeon in the Department of Surgery and Traumatology, ASL BAT, Andria, Italy. He obtained a Ph.D. at the University of Foggia, Italy. He is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons (FACS). At the University of Foggia, Italy, he is a contract Professor of General and Emergency Surgery, Gastroenterology, and Human Physiology in the Nursing Science and Physiotherapy Courses. He is also a Profes-

sor of Surgical Anatomy at the same university's specialty school in general surgery. He is a member of several scientific surgical societies, including the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and New Technologies (SICE), Association of Italian Hospital Surgeons (ACOI), American College of Surgeons (ACS). He is the author of eighty national and international scientific papers, books, and book chapters. He is also an editorial board member of *Frontiers in Surgical Oncology, BMC Surgery*, and *Annals of Medicine*. He has served as faculty at numerous national and international surgical congresses. Dr. Cianci has a special interest in mini-invasive surgery, endocrine surgery, and coloproctology.

Enrico Restini is head of the Department of Surgery and Traumatology, ASL BAT, Andria, Italy. He is a contract Professor of Surgery and Health Management and an expert in advanced technologies and their impact on health organizations (i.e., Health Technology Assessment) at Libera Università Mediterranea (LUM), Baria, Italy. He is a member of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Italian

Society of Endoscopic and New Technologies (SICE), Italian Society of Bariatric Surgery (SICOB), SIC, Italian Society of Private Hospital Surgery, and Association of Italian Hospital Surgeons (ACOI). He is a founding member of the Foundation for Research on Integrative Oncological Therapies (ARTOI), and he has been a SICE National Councilor since 2012. He has served as faculty at numerous national and international surgical congresses and is the author of fifty national and international scientific papers. His special interests include laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, endocrine surgery, digestive surgery, and oncological surgery.

## Contents



Preface

In the context of the accelerated progress in endocrinology, addressing adrenal gland pathology and the latest therapeutic developments in adrenal diseases presents a

The adrenal gland is essential for survival and represents the primary endocrine pathway for adapting to stress, making its pathology complex and with profound

This book delves into the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the adrenal glands, striving to present the current state of knowledge in the field and new therapeutic

The first section of the book is dedicated to describing the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the adrenal glands, with a separate chapter detailing the hormones

The second section of the book extensively covers adrenal diseases with clinical significance. From Cushing's syndrome to primary aldosteronism, from congenital adrenal hyperplasia to pheochromocytoma, each chapter in this section is like a standalone volume, exploring diagnostic and therapeutic aspects that can be reviewed

Equally important are the interconnections that the adrenal gland has within the human body, laying the groundwork for describing the intimate mechanisms that lead to adrenal diseases affecting other tissues and organs, as well as strategic considerations regarding treatment. Surgical treatment is discussed separately, given the complexity of this therapy and the technical advancements accumulated in

This book, addressing both practicing endocrinologists and specialists from other medical fields, explores the mysteries of adrenal diseases and provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about this gland. It offers an easy-to-follow format that focuses on the most significant advancements in the etiopathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of these

and redefined, presented in detail, and complemented with new data.

significant challenge.

perspectives.

recent years.

conditions.

implications for the entire body.

secreted by the adrenals and their effects on the body.
