**4.3 Studies with effects of silver nanoparticles**

In terms of toxicity, conducted studies have shown that Ag nanoparticles are one of the most toxic nanoparticles for microalgae due to their high reactivity, fast adsorption, and its antimicrobial properties. Thus, research effort has been directed toward finding nanoparticles that can act as nutritional supplements to increase microalgae growth and enhance the accumulation of high-value exopolysaccharides (EPS) and some other products.
