*2.2.1.5 Symptoms disease of inflorescence die back in areca nut*

This disease is caused by a fungal infection *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*. Symptoms appear as brownish spots and spread from the tip to the bottom of the inflorescence and cause wilting of the male flowers. Conidia appear as concentric circles in areas of discoloration (**Figure 5**).

## *2.2.1.6 Symptoms disease of band in areca nut*

Symptoms can be observed in the shape of the leaves that are shortened and resemble the shape of a broom, it is not uncommon to find some signs of discoloration to pale wilting and/or yellowish or dark green spots appear. In addition, changes in the

#### **Figure 4.**

*(A-B) symptoms of leaf color change to yellow then brown, (C) colony morphology* Phytoptora arecae *on agar media, (D) conidia of* P. arecae *[11].*

#### **Figure 5.**

*(a) Brown spots that appear as a symptom disease, (b) wilting as a disease investment [13].*

shape of the tree crown such as the shape of a rose, shorten the distance between the trunk segments.

#### *2.2.1.7 Symptoms of yellow spot disease in areca nut*

These symptoms appear due to the attack of the fungus *Curvularia* sp. Several symptoms can be observed on the leaves including yellowish spots on the leaf blade, yellow and green spots, the size of the leaves becomes shorter and shaped like a broom, and sometimes the color of the leaves becomes pale, yellow, and drooping. Leaf tips become brown or yellow (**Figure 6**).

#### *2.2.1.8 Symptoms disease of leaf blight in areca nut*

This disease is caused by the fungus *Pestalotia palmarum* Cooke. The symptoms of this disease show yellowish spots on the leaf blade, the color of the leaves becomes pale, the tips of the leaves become pale and wilted, and the leaves are shortened and shaped like a broom (**Figure 7**).

#### *2.2.1.9 Symptoms disease of red rust in areca nut*

Areca red rust disease is caused by infection with the fungus *Cephaleuros* sp. This disease is characterized by symptoms of yellowish spots, the crown of the leaves withers suddenly, the leaf stalk changes its color to yellowish and the leaf midrib leaves only stick (**Figure 8**).

#### *2.2.1.10 Symptoms disease of root rot in areca nut*

This disease is caused by several pathogenic microbes. Some of them are *Ganoderma lucidum* mushrooms. In addition, fungi *Fusarium* sp., and *Rhizoctonia* sp. It also plays an important role in the severity of disease symptoms. Symptoms of this disease show yellowish-brown discoloration and root rot while the plant stem tissue secretes a dark brown liquid. The leaves shorten and resemble a broom (**Figure 9**).

**Figure 6.** *(A-B) symptoms of leaf spot disease, (C) colony morphology of* Curvularia *sp., (D) Conidia* Curvularia *sp. [11].*
