**2.3** *Philonotis hastata* **Wijk and Margadant**

*P. hastata* is found in soil substrates. In addition to soil, it can also be found on rock substrates [3] and tree substrates [10]. When found living in groups and side by side with other mosses. This moss looks like a sponge and is thick [10]. Observations in the laboratory individual length reaches 4 mm. Rhizoid when observed as threads firmly attached to the substrate. It is smooth and small [3], and in the genus Philonotis rhizoid it is thin [11]. The stem when observed is almost invisible because it is covered with leaves. The shape of the stem is upright and 2–8 mm long [3]. The leaves are green to yellowish according to [11] *P. hastata* is bright green to yellowish green. Spiral leaf arrangement and curls when dry [3]. Leaf length when measured reached 1.1 mm, lanceolate shape, flat edge, and pointed tip. The shape is lanceolate, the tip is pointed, the leaf edge is flat [3]. The shape of the leaf cells when observed was rectangular and the length of the leaf cells was 11 m. The sporophyte phase was not found in the field. The environmental parameters of *P. hastata* consisted of air temperature of 28.1°C, humidity 84%, light intensity 35 lux, pH 7. These results are in accordance with a good growth range in mosses. The distribution of *P. hastata* is found in Mexico, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, Brazil, and Oceania (**Figure 3**) [12].
