**6. Results**

In the forests of Manthanay K<sup>0</sup> elloq'ocha Contorkayku and Canchacancha, a total of 27 morphospecies of moss were found, which are distributed in seven orders, 13 families, and 17 genera. Twenty of these mosses are identified to species, six to genus, and one only at the family level (**Table 1**).

Three species are new records for Peru, that is, *Neckera ehrenbergii* Müll. Hal., *Zygodon quitensis* Mitt., and *Didymodon challaense* (Broth.) R.H. Zander. Likewise, 14 species are reported for the first time for the Cusco region, that is, *Bartramia potosica*

**Figure 5.**

*Gametophytes and sporophytes of* **a**. Orthotrichum elongatum *Taylor; B.* Zygodon reinwardtii *(Hornsch.) a. Braun; C.*: Lepyrodon tomentosus *(hook.) mitt.; D.* Neckera ehrenbergii *Müll. Hal.; E.* Daltonia trachyodonta *mitt.; F.* Daltonia *sp*. *costa.*

Mont, *Brachythecium occidentale* (Hampe) A. Jaeger, *B. andicola* Hook, *Bryum subapiculatum* Hampe, *Daltonia trachyodonta* Mitt, *Campylopus areodictyon* (Müll. Hal.) Mitt, *Chorisodontium mittenii* (Müll. Hal.) Broth, *Braunia cirrhifolia* (Mitt.) A. Jaeger, *Neckera andina* Mitt, *Orthotrichum elongatum* Taylor, *Zygodon fragilis* H. Rob, *Leptodontium tricolor* (R.S. Williams) R.H. Zander, *Syntrichia andicola* (Mont.) Ochyra and *Lepyrodon tomentosus* (Hook.) Mitt.

*Diversity of Epiphytic Mosses (Bryophyta) in Forests of* Polylepis *(Rosaceae) in the Urubamba… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108284*

### **Figure 6.**

*A. Leave with costa of* Daltonia *sp.*, 100x; *B. homogeneous leave cross-sectional in* Chorisodontium mittenii (Müll. Hall.); *C*. *alar cells in* Sematophyllum swartzii *(Schwägr.) W.H. Welch & H.a. 40x; D. Heterogeneous leave cross-sectional in* Daltonia trachyodonta mitt.; *E. Heterogeneous leave cross-sectional in* Syntrichia andicola *(Mont.)*; *F. leave geme in* Braunia cirrhifolia *(mitt.) a. jaeger. 100x.*

As seen in **Table 1**, some morphospecies are almost exclusive to a single forest, such as *Orthotrichum sp*., *B. subapiculatum* Hampe, and *Didymodon challaense* (Broth.) R.H. Zander. for the Canchacancha forest, *B. potosica* Mont. *Bartramia sp*. for Kelloq'ocha and *Syntrichia sp*. for Mantanay. Other species are more common, for

**Figure 7.**

*A*. *Heterogeneous leave cross-sectional* Bryum andicola *hook. 40x B. Gemes*, Orthotrichum elongatum *Taylor*. 100x*; C***.** *sporophyte with operculum in* Orthotrichum elongatum *Taylor*. 20x. *D. Leave geme in* Zygodon *sp. 20x E. Apice of the leaf in* Neckera andina Mitt.40x *F. wavi leaf of* Neckera ehrenbergii Müll. Hal. 10x.

example,. *Zygodon quitensis* Mitt. *Zygodon fragilis* H.Rob and *Lepyrodon tomentosus* (Hook.) Mitt. which are shared in the four study areas. Other species such as *Zygodon reinwardtii* (Hornsch.) A. Braun, *Neckera andina* Mitt,*Thuidium peruvianum* Mitt. and *Sematophyllum swartzii* (Schwägr.) W.H. Welch & H.A. can be found in Kello'qocha and Manthanay.


*Diversity of Epiphytic Mosses (Bryophyta) in Forests of* Polylepis *(Rosaceae) in the Urubamba… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108284*

### **Table 1.**

*Species of mosses in the forests of Canchacancha (1), Kontorkayku (2), Kelloq'ocha (3), and Manthanay (4).*

**Figure 9** shows an important beta diversity for the 4 *Polylepis* forests in terms of species, genera, and families, where the Manthanay forest has the least diversity for each taxon.

In the box plot, (**Figure 10**) the richness of species of the four forests is shown graphically, we can observe that there are atypical data for the Kellococha and Manthanay forests, an important aspect to point out is that the box of this last forest presents a great difference when compared to the Canchacancha and Contorkayku

### **Figure 8.**

*A. Cells with two papillae in* Thuidium peruvianun Mitt.40x *B. leave apex in* Campylopus areodictyon (Müll. Hal.) mitt. 40x*; C. involute leave in* Chorisodontium mittenii (Müll. Hal.) broth. *40x D. Clorocistos and hialocistos, phyllidia of* Chorisodontium mittenii (Müll. Hal.) broth *40x. E. Cancellinae cells in* Leptodontium tricolor (R.S. Williams) R.H. Zander 40x *F. cross-sectional of leaf in* Syntrichia andicola (Mont.) *40x.*

boxes, that is why we say that the Manthanay forest presents a difference in terms of the richness of moss species.

In the box plot, (**Figure 11**) the richness of species there is no significant difference in species richness between living and dead arboretums. The floristic composition between living and dead arboretums is different; however, it was observed that in dead arboretums the species richness is equal to that of living arboretums.

*Diversity of Epiphytic Mosses (Bryophyta) in Forests of* Polylepis *(Rosaceae) in the Urubamba… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108284*

**Figure 9.**

*Distribution of families, genera, and morphospecies in the four forests of* Polylepis *spp.*

### **Figure 10.**

*Box and whisker plot for species richness per plot of each forest.*
