**Abstract**

The diversity of mosses was evaluated in four *Polylepis* (Rosaceae) forests in the Cordillera del Urubamba, Cusco region – Peru. Epiphytic mosses were collected from the lower base of the trunk, canopy area, and terminal branches in paper bags, selecting specimens with sporophytes. Twenty-seven species distributed in seven orders, 13 families, and 17 genera were determined. Three species are new records for Peru, that is, *Neckera ehrenbergii*, *Zygodon quitensis,* and *Didymodon challaense*. Fourteen species are reported for the first time in the Cusco region. These chorological novelties demonstrate the importance of *Polylepis* forests as stores of cryptogamic diversity.

**Keywords:** diversity, mosses, canopy, terminal branches, new records
