**2. Bryophyta around Syamsudin Noor airport**

This research was carried out in 5 stages, the first activity was collecting moss samples using the purposive sampling method by taking the complete part of the moss and storing it to maintain moisture and safety. Second, measurement of environmental parameters includes air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil pH. Third, identification is carried out with reference books, namely A Handbook of Malesian Mosses Volume 1 Sphagnales to Dicranales [5] and A Handbook of Malesian Mosses Volume 2 Leucobryaceae to Buxbaumiaceae [5]. Fourth, the morphological characters of mosses consisting of leaves, stems, and rhizoids were observed using a stereo microscope. Fifth, data analysis was carried out descriptively. Several types of moss found around the Syamsudin Noor airport area are:

### **2.1** *Barbula javanica* **Dozy and Molkenboer**

*B. javanica* is found on rock and soil substrates. The most common moss found in various open or closed places in the research area. *B. javanica* can also be found in moist or wet soil [6]. Live in groups and side by side with other mosses when found in the field. Individual length at the time of measurement reached 4 mm. Rhizoid when observed shaped like a thread and firmly attached to the substrate. The stem when observed is almost invisible because it is covered by an arrangement of leaves. The stem shape is erect, brownish, unbranched, and can reach 7 mm in height [7]. The leaves when observed are green, lanceolate in shape, flat edges, and tapered ends, the leaf length reaches 0.6 mm, and shrivels when dry. The leaves curl when dry, are green, lanceolate, blunt tip, flat edge [6], and mother leaf bones are brownish in color [7]. The shape of leaf cells when observed is rectangular and the size of leaf cells reaches 2 m. The cells in the middle of the strands that make up the midrib are rectangular and the cells at the edges of the strands are rectangular [6]. In the field observations found gametophyte and sporophyte phases. The sporophyte phase was found to be seta with a length of 1.8 mm and a capsule with a length of 0.4 mm, calyptra with a length of 0.5 mm, the shape of the calyptra was long and tapered, the spores were round (**Figure 1**).

The environmental parameters of *B. javanica* consisted of air temperature of 28.1°C, light intensity of 35 lux, humidity of 84%, and pH 7. The results of environmental parameters are still in the range of good moss growth. Distribution of *B. javanica* is found in Tropical Asia, Central Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Guinea, Nigeria, Arabian Peninsula, Oman, Tropical Central America, United States, Florida, Hawaii, and Australia [8].

*Bryophyta around Syamsudin Noor International Airport, South Kalimantan, Indonesia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109265*

**Figure 1.**

Barbula javanica: *A. Soil substrate, B. Colonies, C. Individual mosses, D. Leaf anatomy, E. Spores.*

### **2.2** *Hyophila apiculata* **Fleisher**

Mosses are found in the soil substrate and grow in groups. *H. apiculata* can also be found on rock substrates [5]. At the time found living side by side with other mosses. The genus Hyophila is found in an open environment [4]. *H. apiculata* is on average small in stature [5] and looks like scales when viewed from above [3]. Individual length when measured reaches 5.5 mm. Morphological observations in the laboratory, rhizoids resemble threads and stick firmly to the substrate. Brownish rhizoids measuring less than 1 mm [4]. The stem when observed is covered by leaves so that it is not visible. Measuring less than 3 mm [5]. In the Hyophila genus, the upper stem is green and the lower part is red to reddish brown or dark green, reaching 1 cm high and sometimes branching [4]. The leaves are less than 2 mm in size and are ovate to spatulate [5]. When found with light green leaves, the shape of the leaves looks lanceolate or can be spathulate, flat edges, and pointed ends. The leaves can be lanceolate and light green in color [9] and the leaf edges are flat, the tips are tapered and curved, and the leaf arrangement is alternate (**Figure 2**) [10].

In the genus Hyophila, the leaf bones are large and erect from base to tip [4]. The shape of the leaf cells when observed was square and the cell size was 11 m. The sporophyte phase was not found in the field. Seta can grow to a length of 8 mm and there is a capsule and calyptra growing at the tip of the seta [9]. *H. apiculata* has environmental factors when found including air temperature 28.1°C, humidity of 84%, light intensity 35 lux, and pH 7. These results are in accordance with a good growth range in mosses. The distribution of *H. apiculata* is distributed in Malesia [5].

**Figure 2.** Hyophila apiculata: *A. Soil substrate, B. Colonies, C. Individual mosses, D. Leaf anatomy.*
