**3. Corruption: where it happens**

Corruption is ubiquitous across the world. It happens in the private as well as in the public sector, in charitable organisations and non-profit organisations. It happens equally as much in the interface of the public and the private sectors. Corruption, in its multiple forms, occurs in different spheres of influence and at different levels of corporate activity within the following:


There are no limits to where, when and what corruption can involve: money, sex, objects, people, almost anything as is discussed ahead. Corruption is, however, thought to be deep-rooted in narco-states, kleptocracies, oligarchies and mafia states.

## **4. Corruption: How it happens**

There are many ways by which the corrupt activity is sealed: bribes, kick-backs, extortion, sex, solicitation, gifts, hospitality, fees, commissions, collusion, trading of information/insider trading, embezzlement, etc. Because some of the ways are very similar, they will be treated jointly in the below discussions.


and jewellery, huge amounts of monies and bricks of gold being smuggled across borders. The money made from these corrupt activities is used in setting up offshore businesses, building mansions and depositing in foreign accounts. The above modes of corruption will be constantly coming up in the discussions that follow. However, these are not the only means of completing corrupt deals.
