**5. Material characterization**

### **5.1 Density**

**Table 2** defines the comparison between the experimental measured density and the density achieved through theoretical calculations of the aluminum alloy and the manufactured FGM composites. By clearly visualizing the spectral images, we can clearly depict that the composites are prepared successfully with low porosity and microstructural imperfections. However, during the calculation we depicted that the measured values have attained lower values than those of the theoretical values. The depiction of low pores in the composite, low interstitial voids, agglomerations, and discontinuities, which are due to the impingement of reinforcements in proper weight percentages, is the main source during the compaction process. The theoretical and measured densities have been depicted in **Figure 7**


#### **Table 2.**

*Theoretical and measured densities of the alloy and FGM composites.*

**Figure 7.** *Theoretical density vs. practical density.*
