**7. Future perspective and conclusion**

Quantum dots' unique optoelectrical properties have significantly advantaged them as ideal labels in LFA. Their high quantum yields, molecular extinction coefficients and excellent r chemical and photo-degradation further enable their broader application in LFA sensing and diagnosis. An ideal label for application in LFA includes colloidal stability under various conditions and temperatures, suitability for detection over large dynamic ranges, reproducibility, efficiency without losing biological and chemical integrity or activity, specific binding, and sensitivity. These are often achieved via bio-functionalization of QDs with biomolecules (i.e. DNA, protein, and peptide) which further enables the binding and capture of target antibodies within the conjugate pad. In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases, QDs' ability to enter cells, thus inhibiting virus replication, has been shown as a treatment strategy. However, the lack of fast, specific, reproducible, and stable diagnosis tools still hinders early disease detection. The development of QDs-based LFA (for NCDs and CDs) for clinical application has been reported in the literature. Their clinical use is, however, still not approved. Therefore, the exploration of clinical trials for QDs -based LFA as an alternative POC for NCDs and CDs is greatly needed.
