**2. Recent automated advancements in quantum dots for multifunctional application**

With due diligence to the nano-size regime, quantum dots (QDs) had demonstrated unique physicochemical properties which are prosperous for multifunctional applications. Exclusively, owing to the respective quantum size effect, remarkable optoelectronic properties have been perceived. These substantial growths have not only elevated the systematic practice of QDs but also fortified to formulate numerous hybrid manners of materials to accomplish higher efficacy by eradicating definite inadequacies. Such problems can be overwhelmed by amalgamating QDs with potential applications, including single-electron transistors, solar cells, LEDs, lasers, single-photon sources, quantum computing, second-harmonic generation, cell biology research, medical imaging, microscopy. In addition, the next-Generation QDs can be lingering further into developing technologies, such as (i) quantum dots of very high-quality optical applications, light guide plate (LGP) with QDs, (ii) quantum dot white light-emitting diodes (QD-WLED), (iii) quantum dot-based photodetectors (QDPs), perovskite QDs, (iv) quantum dot solar photovoltaics, (v) biological applications (to study *in-vivo* & *in-vitro* observation of subcellular trafficking, drug delivery, and high-resolution cellular imaging), (vi) quantum computers (qubits), and (vii) the future of quantum dots (magnetic quantum dots & graphene quantum dots) owing to the unique physicochemical characteristics. A typical QD color enrichment scheme by including fluorescent QDs into a polycarbonate (PC) LGP, has been also established to broadcast quite homogeneous planar lighting and might be likely for the new-generation backlighting as well as display devices [57]. Outlook on stability of Quantum dots, patterning, and deposition which yield dare of micro-LED displays provide progressive development in the field of QD-based micro-LED displays,

exhibiting the optimistic future prospects of the same kind of spelled technology [58]. The device on blue LED exhibited that efficacy levels of various 230 lm/W are achievable using ultra-revolutionized blue LED pumps. By employing liquid injection fabrication, high performance of white LEDs using QD liquids indicates a high potential for future prospects on lighting devices [59]. Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have captured an innovative impression that is exploited to improve the photovoltaic performance of numerous kinds of solar cells and summarized some challenges and perspectives concerning of PQDs [60]. The latest innovations in perovskite technology via diverse schemes, such as the amplify its functionality of methodological procedures, surface amendments, and solid QD inks near the device manner engineering for accomplishing sophisticated PV efficiency and enhanced longstanding steadiness [61]. Quantum dots (QDs) make available a multipurpose component to aid the most precise investigative tools and fluoroimmunoassays, dual imaging, multiplexed imaging, therapeutic platforms, real-time *in vivo* and cellular process imaging, and so on. With the extensive augmented interest in researchers to report these challenges and endure to move forward toward the clinical translation of QDs [62]. The team Krause P et al., have successfully modeled the simulations exposed in what way the quantum dot duos absorb, exchange, and store light energy. Similarly, it is of interest how size and geometry variations of three Ge/Si nanocrystals impact the transfer times and thus the efficacy of laser-driven populations of the said electron-hole pair states paid to a wide range of applications for quantum dots including quantum bits (qubits) [63]. Tajik S, et al., reviewed the applications of carbon-based QDs (GQDs and CQDs) in biological and sensing areas, and then covers sensing features of key neurotransmitters [64]. In conclusion, in recent years, quantum dots play a major role in multifunctional applications to make acquainted with the novel techniques of semiconductor nanocrystals, and advanced devices which favor the outcomes from translational research, a convenient collaboration lined by the research scientists of extreme necessity for the societal benevolent.
