**8. Epilepsy**

Investigations of the clinical utility of tPBM in pediatric epileptic patients suggests that the addition of this intervention with Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) may yield better results compared to administration of AEDs alone [62, 63]. Applications of 808 nm tPBM were utilized in prepubescent rats that received low doses of valproic acid after exposure to Pentylenetetrazole [62, 63]. Pentylenetetrazole is a non-competitive antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This drug is utilized to study the GABA-ergic mechanisms that underlie epilepsy as it induces clonic convulsions [63].

The utilization of tPBM as an additive therapy reduced the seizure latency of Convulsive Status Epilepticus (CSE) [62]. Comparison of the seizure latency offset in animal models with Pentylenetetrazol induced CSE suggests that tPBM may serve as a seizure prophylaxis. While future research is required to establish dosage parameters of AEDs in combination with tPBM, the clinical utility of LLLTs may induce significant synergistic effects for epileptic populations that experience CSE, Refractory Status and Super Refractory Status Epilepticus [62].
