**3.3 What success looks like**

Earthwatch's FreshWater Watch (FWW) programme is a global CS project that began in 2012 to investigate water quality and ecosystem degradation within freshwater bodies [57]. The programme is based on continuous monitoring of freshwater bodies. The basis of the approach is that it works with local groups and scientists who have a scientific question, to provide answers about local water quality and ecosystems [56].

In June 2019, in a partnership between Earthwatch, DCU Water Institute, a monitoring programme began on the river Liffey as it flows through Dublin city and inner suburbs. In September 2019, a WaterBlitz was carried out using the FWW methodology, in which over 350 samples were taken at sites chosen by citizens and not confined to the urban river Liffey [57]. Analysis of the data indicated a correlation of higher nitrates with agricultural land and also indicated elevated phosphate levels after heavy rainfall at locations which were sampled pre- and post-precipitation. Simple
