**7. Conclusions**

An important issue in the organization and operation of the insect olfactory system is the functional significance of glomeruli in the antennal lobes. Research on the sphinx moth *Manduca sexta* has provided a firm foundation of technical experience and knowledge about an experimentally favorable model system that allows the study of glomerular structure and function with greater precision than has been possible in other species [95–97]. Specifically, glomeruli in the olfactory subsystem of male *M. sexta*, which are designated for pheromone processing with its anatomically and functionally identified, male-specific neuropil, contribute to our understanding of the neuronal architecture and functional organization of olfactory glomeruli.
