**6. Conclusion**

In summary, the gut microbiome binds to intestinal epithelial cells and uses cell signaling and junctions to communicate with each other and with the host CNS. A complex diverse of microorganisms live in the GI-tract which is called gut microbiome, profoundly affect many aspects of host physiology, including nutrient metabolism, infection resistance, and immune system development. The GI-tract is strongly innervated by a complex network of neurons that coordinate vital physiological functions. In addition to CNS; ENS senses and response to the dynamic ecosystem of the GI-tract by converting chemical signals from the environment into nerve impulses that propagate throughout the intestine and other organs of the body, also the local axonal reflexes and autonomic long-range sensory reflexes in GI-tract play an important role in the regulation of immunity by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves. As a result, the interactions between the nervous system and the immune system enable the gut to respond to the variety of food products it absorbs, and the wide variety of pathogens and microbiomes it holds. Gut microbiota can promote different subsets of immune cells through antigen stimulation and activation of immune signaling pathways. All the interactions that the gut microbiome creates reflect both on our mental states and in our immune system, and vice versa.

We can say that we and our gut microbes talk to each other through these signal pathways, solve each other's needs, and ensure each other's safety.

*Large Association of GI Tract Microbial Community with Immune and Nervous Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104120*
