**11. Conclusion**

It has long been known that dietary fiber and its gut microbial metabolite like SCFAs improved metabolism of the host body. Dietary fiber via SCFA increases plasma SCFA levels and improves hepatic metabolic health. Dietary fiber intake produces SCFAs via fermentation in the gut microbiota, mainly in colon L-cells, which produce GLP-1 and PYY located mainly in the distal ileum and colon. Fiber intake suppressed the HFD-induced liver weight gain and hepatic TG accumulation along with a change in hepatic lipid metabolism, while dietary SCFA intake improved hepatic metabolic conditions by activating FFAR3. A shift in gut microbiome production of butanoate accompanied by up-regulation of microbiota and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent gene expression contributes to intestinal integrity and homeostasis by influencing metabolism and transporter expression.
