**3. Artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of GI autoimmune diseases**

Artificial intelligence is a study of methods capable of imitating intelligent human behavior (e.g., making decisions under uncertain conditions) [73]. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI. The introduction of machine learning (ML) has revolutionized the image processing and analysis field in medicine. ML in computer science can be defined as the process by which computers can learn without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is intended to assist in learning from data. There are many datasets available today, leading to an increase in ML demand [74]. The information extracted from the data can sometimes be difficult to interpret after viewing it. The use of ML can make machines more efficient at handling data. There are two famous models in ML which are unsupervised and supervised machines [75]. Supervised learning is an optimum choice for smaller volumes of data and clearly labeled data [76]. For large datasets, unsupervised learning generally results in better performance and results. If a large dataset is readily available and labeled, deep learning techniques are optimum for use [77]. The application of AI and ML in healthcare has a promising potential in providing medical solutions for the healthcare sector. One of the aspects that could be a valuable addition to the healthcare sector is the incorporation of AI into the diagnosis. In this section, we aim to shed the light on some of the recent applications of AI in GI autoimmune diseases.
