*5.1.2 Gluten-free diet monitoring methods*

The existence of a reliable method that makes it possible to verify whether or not patients with CD are following a GFD is undoubtedly useful not only in monitoring the patient to avoid long-term complications, but also when diagnosing RCD [16, 44]. Among the methods to monitor adherence to GFD is the determination of specific antibodies, dietary interviews, control of symptoms, biopsies, and the detection of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool and urine (**Table 1**) [1, 41, 47, 75].
