**7. Conclusions**

Intestinal dysbiosis alters the permeability of the intestinal barrier. The passage of the microbiota antigens into the internal environment may induce the loss of selftolerance with the generation of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells, leading to the occurrence of cross-reactions. The microbiota alterations lead to an increase in enteric barrier permeability and the occurrence of lymphocyte infiltrates into the epithelial layer, augmenting the risk of cell-mediated auto-immune response. Many questions still need an answer about the role of the microbiota in triggering AIDS, such as—what are the roles of sex hormones and the role of X-linked genes expression in correlation with the microbiome in the polarization of gender-dependent AIDS. Do the changes in the microbiota, which are reported by many authors, contribute to the onset of AIDS by breaking the peripheric tolerance or they are the consequence of AIDS?
