**Table 1.**

*Mann-Whitney U test for base line biochemical markers and maternal characteristics for study participants.*

*Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: The Role of Adiposity and Serum Adipokines DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104752*


*ADP, adiponectin; LP, leptin; RTN, resistin; VF, visfatin. Reproduced from: Ref. [62].*

**Table 2.**

*AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and threshold point for the adipokines in the pregnant women.*

**Figure 1.**

*ROC curves for the adipokines. AUCs (%): ADP (95.0), LP (92.0), RTN (91.4), and VF (77.1). ADP, adiponectin; LP, leptin; RTN, resistin; VF, visfatin.*

95.26%, respectively, implying that after correcting for confounders, adiponectin is the strongest predictor of PE. With Nagelkerke R2 and CCR statistics of 89 and 91.58%, respectively, Model 4 with visfatin as a predictor had the least predictive performance.

In their respective models, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin were found to be significant predictors of PE (*P* < 0.05). For each unit drop in adiponectin, the probabilities of PE increase by a factor of 1.1, according to the reciprocal of the odds ratio (Model 1). A one-unit increase in leptin increases the risk of PE by 1.15 times (Model 2). Additionally, a unit increase in resistin raises the probabilities of PE by 1.65 (Model 3), whereas visfatin increases the odds of PE by 1.28 (Model 4).

Obesity was revealed to be a significant confounder in all four models, with overweight as the reference category under BMI and parity of four or more with parity one as


*ADP, adiponectin; LP, leptin; RTN, resistin; VF, visfatin. BMI classification: Normal Weight = (18.5–24.9 kg/m2 ), Overweight = (25.0–29.99 kg/m2 ), Obese = (Above 30.0 kg/m2 ) Reproduced from: Ref. [62].*

#### **Table 3.**

*AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and threshold point for levels of the adipokines in the pregnant women controlling for BMI.*


*ADP, adiponectin; LP, leptin; RTN, resistin; VF, visfatin; RWHP, relatives with hypertension; YES, those who have relatives with hypertension; NO, those who do not have relatives with hypertension. Reproduced from: Ref. [62].*

#### **Table 4.**

*AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and threshold point for the adipokines in the pregnant women controlling for those who have relatives with hypertension.*

the reference category. In Models 1, 3, and 4, advanced maternal age above 35 years, with the age group 20–35 years as the reference category, was also found to be important.

Although adiponectin showed a mild positive link with HDL and a weak negative correlation with TG and VLDL, it did demonstrate a favorable correlation with HDL. Although leptin and resistin had minor negative relationships with HDL, visfatin had a strong negative link with HDL. Leptin, resistin, and visfatin all had negative correlations with adiponectin. Positive associations were found between leptin, resistin, and visfatin (**Table 6**). These links were weak in those of normal weight, but they were stronger in individuals who were overweight or obese (**Table 7**). This




**Table 5.** *Multivariate analysis of clinical factors affecting preeclampsia.*


**Table 6.** *Correlation among adipokines and lipids.*
