**2. Behavior-induced cardiomyopathy**

Over the past decade, research on psychosocial risk factors for heart disease has made great strides [15]. According to epidemiological studies [16], behavioral risk factors for heart disease can be divided into five categories [17]: (1) physical health behaviors; (2) negative emotional and mental states; (3) chronic stress; (4) social isolation and lack of social support; and (5) lack of a sense of purpose.

### **2.1 Physical health behaviors**

New research suggests that poor sleep quality and inappropriate rest and relaxation are also behavior-related risk factors for heart disease [18]. As far as sleep is concerned, recent meta-analyses have shown that both insomnia and long or short sleep duration are risk factors for heart disease [19]. Excessive sleep duration can be a potential marker of depression or medical comorbidities, while too short sleep duration can be caused by multiple factors, including sleep deprivation or sleep deprivation due to worrying and other causes of insomnia. As the workload becomes heavier and the pace of life becomes faster, the boundaries between work and leisure are disappearing, and the value of relaxation has become more important. Theoretically, relaxation may benefit physiological and cognitive functions, but so far, epidemiological studies in this area are relatively lacking.
