**1. Introduction**

Kawasaki disease (KD) was first reported as acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome by Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967. KD is a self-limited vasculitis affecting children mainly under 5 years of age, the etiology is still unknown [1, 2]. KD is one of the most common acquired cardiac disorders in children, causing coronary artery dilatation or aneurysms. Coronary artery lesion (CAL) develop in approximately 25% of KD patients who do not receive appropriate treatment [3]. As KD is a systemic vasculitis, vessel walls other than coronary arteries are affected. KD patients with cardiovascular complications should be closely monitored for cardiovascular events throughout their lives. Furthermore, even in the absence of obvious complications, patients with a history of KD are likely to experience underlying vascular endothelial damage. This chapter deals with long-term cardiovascular health in this population.
