**2.3 Treatment-related factors—thrombotic events can increase with surgery, anticancer therapies, and supportive care in cancer patients**


• Supportive care—supportive treatment including erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, red blood cell, and platelet transfusion lead to venous thromboembolism in cancer patients [8, 9].

Central venous catheters are important access to delivery of intravenous drugs in cancer patients. The incidence of catheter-related thrombosis is estimated about 5–30% and can interrupt chemotherapy treatment or cause substantial morbidity including pulmonary emboli and post-phlebitic syndrome [9].

Recent studies reported that high leukocyte and platelet counts and low hemoglobin level are associated with higher risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with malignancy [8].
