**7. Transcutaneous paravalvular leak closure results**

Compared to surgery TPVL has lower technical success (about 90% vs. 70–86%) but less short-term adverse events and lower 30 days mortality (about 4 vs. 11%) [27, 30–32]. Mitral TPVL has higher adverse events and mortality rates than aortic TPVL [27]. Three years prognosis and survival are improved when the TPVL is successful without or with the only mild residual leak [33]. Indeed favorable result is obtained in case of the absence of significant residual regurgitation. After a first TPVL, repeated transcutaneous or surgical interventions can be needed during follow-up. The main adverse problems are worsening or new hemolysis in mitral PVLs, significant residual PVL, encroachment of the prosthetic valve, vascular injury, tamponade, hemothorax (transapical approach), device embolization, stroke, relapsing and new PVL, infective endocarditis, and death [3, 27].
