**1. Introduction**

For the past 50 years, global rates of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity have been steadily rising [1]. While pharmaceutical interventions can assist patients in managing their conditions, and nutritional therapy is also important. Increased use of certain medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, can exacerbate the underlying insulin resistance, potentially leading to poorer glycaemic control over time [2]. Medications can help, but only to a certain extent. However, as we will see later in this course, nutritional therapy enhances their benefit and even helps lower the required dosage or allows for elimination. High quality evidence supports the efficacy of therapeutic carbohydrate restriction can be an important component for diabetes treatment, whether used alone or in combination with medications [3].

Therapeutic carbohydrate restriction is not a "cure-all, "and it's not the right treatment for everyone. It is, however, a successful clinical intervention that is tailored to specific conditions and patient groups.

In the early nineteenth century, therapeutic carbohydrate restriction for diabetes treatment was fairly common [4]. Its use in the treatment of epilepsy began in the early twentieth century. Physicians and nutritionists commonly recommended carbohydrate restriction for weight loss in the 1960s and 1970s [5].
