**3. Bad emotion-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD)**

With the transition from the biomedical model to the biopsychosocial medical model, the psychosomatic relationship of cardiovascular disease has attracted more attention. Most cardiovascular diseases have both biomedical and psychosocial factors in the pathogenesis; in terms of clinical symptoms, there are both somatic and psychological symptoms. Growing research is finding a strong link between mood and morbidity and mortality of CVD, as one of the common public health problems worldwide [41], arousing social concern [42]. With the transition from the traditional biomedical model to the modern biopsychosocial medical model, the psychosomatic relationship of CVD has attracted more attention. The effect of emotion on cardiovascular health can be explained by certain association mechanisms, but the specific and clear association mechanism has not yet formed a consensus.

Emotion is a short-lived, strong attitude and experience that an individual is stimulated by the living environment, accompanied by obvious physiological changes and external manifestations of a psychological state [43]. Psychologists divide emotions into two dimensions: negative emotions and positive emotions. Negative emotion is a negative emotion triggered by anticipation of future events and memory of past time, which can manifest in different forms (such as panic, anxiety, depression, hostility, etc.) [44].

#### **3.1 Emotion and cardiomyopathy research**

Previous studies have found that patients with acute myocardial infarction are often in varying degrees of negative emotional states after experiencing a sense of near-death [44, 45]. Some studies have also shown that patients with heart failure have poor quality of life, and the incidence of anxiety and depression are 62% and 65%, respectively [46]. On the one hand, negative emotions are one of the independent predictors of poor prognosis in hospitalized patients with CVD [47]. Conversely, positive emotions are associated with a reduced risk of CVD [45, 47]. However, the internal mechanism of the two is still unclear.

#### **3.2 Biological mechanisms of emotional effects on cardiomyopathy**

The study found that the biological mechanism of the influence of emotion on cardiomyopathy is mainly reflected in the two aspects of vascular endothelial injury and inflammatory response, as well as the activity of the autonomic nervous system (**Figure 1**) [48].

#### *3.2.1 Emotional changes cause endothelial damage and inflammation*

The early manifestation of cardiomyopathy is the damage of the vascular endothelium [49]. Studies have found that there is a correlation between emotional state and the state of the cardiovascular endothelium [50]. Massachusetts area in the United

#### *Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105584*

States found that positive mood (joy) was inversely correlated with inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter methylation [51], which play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of vascular function.
