**6. Conclusions**

Abnormalities in the PVS are more likely to occur along with abnormalities of the ductus venosus due to the connections established during embryology. An important finding from previous research is that the integrity of the PVS during the FT anomaly scan can be achieved. The audit of the ultrasound examination of the PVS may be performed macroscopically in the second trimester of pregnancy and microscopically in the FT, with very few resources and good results. The incidence of UPSVS in a tertiary unit is higher than previously reported but the early detection is feasible, which is important for proper management and prenatal counseling. To understand the abnormalities of the hepatic fetal venous system, it is important to understand its normal embryologic development.

## **Acknowledgements**

Microscopic images have been acquired in the Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania (Manager: Laurenţiu Mogoantă).
