*3.3.3 Pulmonary function*

Two family empowerment interventions led to a significant improvement in pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p < .05) [21, 25]. Moreover, Montalbano et al. revealed that the m-health program combined with multidisciplinary education contributed to a better performance of forced expiratory maneuvers [24].
