**4.1 Common HDL-C-raising drugs**

Even though HDL is considered a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target based on its epidemiological data and the effects of healthy HDL *in vitro* in endothelial cells and macrophages, as well as based on infusion studies of reconstituted HDL in patients with hypercholesterolemia [32], it would be assumed that HDL-C–raising drugs will become part of preventive armamentarium in the future. Therefore, it will be important to demonstrate that novel drugs not only increase HDL-C plasma levels but also improve HDL functions. Based on the inverse epidemiological association that linked HDL-C plasma levels with several adverse effects of CVDs, HDL-C has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target. As such, many drugs to increase HDL-C levels have been established and examined at basic and clinical levels [8, 32]. Various advanced agents and drugs associated with cholesterol metabolism have been established in clinical trials that may be used to treat NAFLD and NASH. The CETP inhibitors.is the most potent novel category of HDL-C-increasing drugs. CETP is a plasma protein that suppresses the movement of cholesterol esters from HDL to LDL, leading to a marked and consistent increase in the plasma HDL-C levels. The most common is the fibrates, which significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels and elevate the HDL-C levels [8]. Niacin has been used to treat individuals with hyperlipidaemia by raising the HDL-C levels to about 15% and 30% while reducing the concentration of LDL-C and triglycerides ApoA-I contains 243 amino acids were identified to promote HDL anti-inflammatory activities in various animal models of atherosclerosis and NAFLD. Oral administration of apoA-I mimetic peptide of 4.3 and 7.14 mg/kg doses significantly enhances HDL functionality and the HDL inflammatory index [2, 8, 32].
