*3.15.8 Gut microbiome*

The gut microbiome produces substances that are involved in several metabolic pathways and affect the activity of certain metabolites such as bile and fatty acids. Additionally, it is known to play a role in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates [50–52]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics that affect the gut microbiota, may reduce insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation (**Figure 13**). In addition to these, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is being extensively researched and appears to have great promise for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH [51, 53].
