**Acknowledgements**

Dr. Gabriel Sarti Lopes and Dr. Jorge E. Moreira of University of São Paulo, FMRP/ USP and Dra. Janaina Brusco from University of British Columbia, Can. Financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) are acknowledged. Special thanks to Dr. Roy E. Larson of University of São Paulo, FMRP/USP (past advisor). Infrastructure support from Marine Biology Center at University of São Paulo (CEBIMar-USP) and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole-US. Special thanks to Patricia Horta, PhD, IFSP, that revised this chapter.
