*3.3.1 Mass spectrometry based proteomics*

Mass spectrometry (MS) measures the mass charge ratio (m/z) of ions, which is used to characterize biomolecules with extremely high sensitivity and high throughput [55].

Separation techniques such as 2D and 3D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 2D high performance liquid chromatography are often performed before MS to enrich


*HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, GC: gas chromatography, CE: capillary electrophoresis, Beads: Luminex bead assay, NAPPA: Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays.*
