**3. RAGE in T1DM**

RAGE is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily It is postulated to play a role in host-pathogen defense and its expression increases during inflammation and in chronic inflammatory conditions including T1DM. The location of the RAGE gene (*AGER*) in humans is within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.3, a region implicated in various autoimmune disorders such as T1DM [7–9]. Similarly in mice, the *AGER* gene is located on chromosome 17 where several quantitative trait loci for T1DM have been reported [10]. RAGE is a multifunctional and promiscuous-ligand receptor, binding a wide array of ligands such as such as
