**4. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)**

Since the year 1978 CSII by means of an external insulin pump became the best near-physiological way of insulin substitution [18, 107–115].

CSII supported by intensive self-monitoring mostly resulted in improved metabolic control as well as in increased satisfaction and quality of life in thousands of PWD1.

In our diabetes centre the first pump (Promedos E 1, Siemens, Germany) was introduced in December 1981 (**Figure 15**) [115]. From 2003 to 2012, DAHEDI Elektronics (**Figure 16**), H tron (**Figure 17**), Minimed (**Figure 18**) and Animas IR 1000, 1200 and 2020 (**Figure 19**) were inserted and regularly upgraded beyond the date of their 4-year expiry period. There were two pumps produced in Czechoslovakia: Insulin Injektor Kovo Brno developed by Hirš, Institute of Physiology, Academy

### **Figure 9.**

*Comparison of insulin doses, 16-point cBG profiles and 16-point free immunoreactive insulin (FIRI) profiles at the end of respective insulin regimen period. See Figures 9 and 10 for further details.*

of Sciences, Prague (**Figure 20**) [108–112] and programmable pump DI2 PC, developed by Vojtek, MEDIPO Brno. Thirty prototypes of this pump were produced, seven of them successfully tested in 1991–1993 in Olomouc (**Figure 21**) [53].

Paradigm 712, 722, 522, VEO 754 and 554 enabled the "low glucose suspend" if connected to CGM (**Figure 22**).
