**5. Conclusion**

Over the past 10 years, a real breakthrough has been made in immunology, both in the field of basic research and in clinical medicine. The rapid development of immunotherapy, the discovery and introduction into practice of new biomarkers, the improvement of immunological methods of laboratory diagnostics indicate that we live in an era of "every second" innovations. Using the example of T1DM, which is an autoimmune disease, we are seeing new advances in therapy and a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. It should be emphasized that we owe all these achievements to experimental medicine, which is the first rung of the ladder leading to the success of clinical medicine.

The authors express the hope that this chapter will help readers to better understand the molecular mechanisms of T1DM immunopathogenesis, as well as to appreciate the significance of experimental studies in science and practical medicine. Perhaps the material presented in this section will inspire someone to their own scientific research.
