*Molecular Challenges and Advances in Clinical Islet Transplantation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108571*

islet cell transplantation. In islet transplantation, the requirement for immunosuppressive drug treatment to protect alloislets from alloimmune rejection and recurrent autoimmunity introduces additional risks that may be specific to the individual immunosuppressive drug agents as well as related more generally to immunosuppression. Thus recognition of inter-individual differences is gaining importance and is becoming possible through integration of pharmacogenetics, pharmacoproteomics, epigenetics, and noncoding RNAs data into clinical practice, thus emphasizing that *'Precision medicine is vital in transplantation'.* A panel of genetic variants for transplant recipients and donors can function as an additional tool at disposition of transplant physicians to provide individualized care.
