**Abstract**

Several important properties of biological systems are directly related and even determined by the spatial distribution of their constituent elements. Those elements interact with each other and tend to use space in an optimal way, regarding their specific function and environmental constraints. A detailed methodology, based on Voronoi polygons and Delaunay triangles method employed to extract information on the spatial distribution of cells, is presented. On the other hand, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is defined as microvascular pathology. However, some data have suggested that the retinal photoreceptor (RPs) might be important in the pathogenesis of this ocular disease. In this study, the organization of the PRs in control and diabetic-induced rats was compared, using multiphoton microscopy. The PR mosaic was imaged at different locations in non-stained retinas. Thus, this work investigated the pathological changes in the cellular structures of the retina in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals. Of the different proposed tools that are highly reliable to be tested with human retinas, the metrics mean averaged distance and the mean square deviation of the angles are found (*P* < 0.05).

**Keywords:** multiphoton microscopy, diabetic retinopathy, Voronoi tessellations, computational geometry, bioinformatics
