**6. Systematic approaches for avoiding the complications associated with management of abdominal trauma**

The twentieth and twenty first centuries have been the time of great changes. In medical field remarkable changes have been noted and mainly changes have focused on finding new solutions to old problems. In overall, trauma continues to be a serious global problem of which new solutions are needed. In fact, evidences have confirmed that, trauma is a worldwide epidemic which is ever becoming worse due to many factors for instance: increased unstandardized urbanization in many countries (especially developing countries), increased use of unstandardized automobiles and roads, increased firearms in many communities, unreasonable violence and wars in many parts of the world etc. As mentioned earlier death is certainly a powerful dependent

variable but unwanted one which is ever seen in all kinds of trauma. However, mortality and morbidity associated with most of trauma cases can be prevented. Thus, it is wise to direct more efforts to avoiding the occurrence of abdominal trauma and complications which occur during the trajectory of its management.

### **6.1 The role of individual and community participation in avoiding the occurrence of abdominal trauma and its complications**

Historically, curative measures have occupied greater place in all fields of medicine. However, from 1960s–1970s up to now evidences have shown that, curative measures are not enough for optimizing health status of the populations [9, 12, 13]. As such health promotion and preventive measures are of the greater significance in terms of tackling various medical problems. Health promotion and prevention measures focus on avoiding the occurrence of a certain disease or event. The philosophy for optimizing the use health promotion and preventive measures lies on empowering individual and community to participate in all designed actions which aim to stop the occurrence of certain disease or event.

With regard to abdominal trauma which is the persistent old problem to be solved with new solutions various ambitions are to be emphasized. Redesigning and optimizing the strategies which aim to empower individual and communities to stop all factors leading to the occurrence of abdominal trauma is an effective way which can stop all complications related to abdominal trauma. All causes of abdominal trauma and factors that increase the complications associated with it are known and are preventable. Road traffic accidents, physical violence are marked as common cause of abdominal trauma, however, these are preventable. Thus, mentoring individuals and communities to optimize the use of measures designed to prevent trauma is one of the effective ways to reverse the burden caused by abdominal trauma and its complications.
