**5. Special populations**

#### **5.1 Pediatric**

20–30% of pediatric trauma cases involve injury to the abdomen. CT is the most common modality of imaging utilized in pediatric trauma. Though sensitive to detecting injuries, children are more susceptible than adults to the adverse effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Therefore, POCUS provides a safe, repeatable and quick alternative. In addition to screening for free fluid, POCUS can also detect injuries similar to those in adults. So far, observational studies have expounded on the utility of ultrasound imaging in pediatric trauma. Definitive trials are indicated to establish POCUS as the standard of care [24].

#### **5.2 Pregnancy**

Trauma in pregnancy endangers both mother and fetus, more often causing fetal than maternal mortality. However, the priority of care is given to the mother in order to ensure good outcomes for both. Ultrasonography is advantageous in pregnant trauma patients due to the lack of ionizing radiation and contrast exposure, which can be done at the bedside quickly. POCUS can detect free fluid in the abdomen, which can indicate either blood or amniotic fluid secondary to uterine rupture. Furthermore, fetal cardiac activity and gestational age can also be evaluated. POCUS can sometimes detect uterine rupture and placental abruption, but a negative scan cannot be used to rule out these diagnoses.
