**4. Complications associated with non-operative management of abdominal trauma**

Many investigators have confirmed profound benefits of Non-Operative Management (NOM) approach for the management of traumatic abdominal patients. The main indicators NOM include: hemodynamic stability of the patient, absence of peritoneal signs and negative findings of certain imaging modalities. Studies have shown that NOM is useful for the management of majority of blunt and few penetrating abdominal injuries. With the use of NOM most patients progress smoothly to complete recovery without complications. However, in certain number of instances complications develop. Shown **Table 9** are some of the possible complications to associate with non-operative management of abdominal trauma. There are shortages of literature written on some of these complications; probably because of the fact that, some of these complications develop in delayed phase of management.
