**4. Patients AT high risk for regurgitation of gastric contents**

Regurgitation of gastric contents needs to be prevented in trauma patient at it leads to multiple complications like aspiration pneumonia, ARDS, metabolic disturbances etc.

	- preoperative fasting is inadequate
		- 1.gastric emptying delayed
		- 2.Functional
		- 3.Obesity
		- 4.Pain
		- 5.Sepsis
		- 6.Uremia
		- 7.Pregnancy
		- 8. Shock
		- 9. Stupor/coma
		- 10.Autonomic neuropathy (e.g., diabetes, Shy-Drager syndrome)
		- 11.Recent abdominal surgery
	- Drug-induced
		- 1.Anticholinergics
		- 2.Opioids
		- 3.Antiparkinsonian agents
	- Intestinal obstruction/pseudo-obstruction
		- 1.Alcohol ingestion

*Life Threatening but Preventable and Treatable Medical Complications of Abdominal Trauma DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106134*

• Esophageal Disease like neoplasms, foreign body, webs or strictures
