*5.3.5.5 Topical Janus kinase inhibitors*

The utility of topical JAKi is currently under investigation in patients with AA to minimize the risk of systemic side effects, especially for maintenance treatment [70]. Topical ruxolitinib and baricitinib creams in 1 and 2% formulations have been reported to produce hair regrowth in patients with AA [65, 105]. Topical tofacitinib has also achieved hair growth and prolongation of the anagen phase [65]. However, there are also case reports and clinical trials reporting inconsistent or no induction of hair growth with topical ruxolitinib or tofacitinib cream.
