*10.1.4 Microarchitecture abnormalities*

Diabetes alone degrades the organic composition and strength of bone, which has an impact on its biomechanical qualities [124]. Long-term diabetes compromises bone collagen microstructure, mineralization, and bone strength. Increased porosity and decreased cortical density are two changes in the bone structure associated with T2DM. These elements lead to abnormal bone architecture, which lowers bone's ability to withstand mechanical stress and increases the risk of fragility fractures [119].
