**3.2 Osteoporosis in men**

In contrary to women, the cause of osteoporosis in men is unknown. However, many studies have associated this disease appearance with age and more specifically with low testosterone production [20]. In the studied population of [21], it has been shown that 22% of male over 50 years old has had a T-score equal to or under −2.5 in femoral neck, indicating that elderly men are more susceptible to develop osteoporotic fractures. However, men are less affected by osteoporosis compared to women. As reported by [22], only 6% of the male population over 50 years have a T-score under −2.5 in femoral neck. For men as well as women, testosterone plays an important role in maintaining a healthy bone. It contributes to stimulating bone-forming cell functioning and estrogen production, which, as aforementioned, contribute to bone formation and inhibit bone resorption. Based on this fact, we can conclude that steroid hormone dysregulation is the most influencing factor on bone health, whether for women or men, especially estrogen that induces serious bone degradation for women during menopause.
