**1. Introduction**

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and damage to the microstructure of bone tissue, causing increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures [1]. With the aggravation of the global population aging, the prevalence of osteoporosis and the associated fractures is increasing year by year [2]. The medical care and nursing produced by that require a lot of human, material and financial investment, rising serious consequences for families and society such as the huge economic burden and social pressure [3]. Therefore, osteoporosis has become an important public health problem around the world, and early diagnosis is of critical significance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [4, 5]. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is frequently based on bone mineral density, while bone turnover markers were used for differential diagnosis, observation of curative effect and treatment follow-up.
