**1. Introduction**

Bariatric surgery is the name given to surgical methods to control obesity [1]. There are varying treatment methods for obesity, such as lifestyle modification (which includes behavioral modification, increased physical activity, and caloric restriction), pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery [2]. The main obesity treatment method is weight loss through lifestyle interventions. These interventions include diet and exercise. However, in most cases, with these measures, sufficient weight loss is not achieved, and gaining weight is common and does not lead to a significant and lasting solution. The use of medications is another possible approach, although their effectiveness may seem limited [3]. There are few effective treatment options for severe obesity. For severe obesity, the most effective treatment for long-term weight control in adults is bariatric surgery [3, 4]. Bariatric surgery methods in general are considered safe. The average preoperative mortality is less than 3% [5]. Bariatric surgery is recommended for adults with excessive obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) or those obese with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 in attendance of at least one significant comorbidity caused by obesity. The health risks that interact with obesity are hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, coronary heart disease, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis, among other health complications [2]. The different surgeries methods effects assorted mechanisms, including change of appetite, restriction of intake, control of hunger, divert food from the proximal part of the small intestine, food aversion, increased energy expenditure, malabsorption of macronutrients, and modifications of bile aside profiles and the gut microbiota. Choosing the surgical methods depends on the surgeon or patient preference, permanent anatomical change, and accessibility for proper aftercare. Nowadays, bariatric surgery contains three main types of methods. They are categorized according to their mechanism: A) Restrictive methods, aimed at reducing the size of the stomach to restrict solids consumption include gastric imbrication, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) B) Malabsorptive methods, by shortening the small intestine, thus surface area exposed to food is reduced and the absorption of nutrients is reduced, include jejunoileal bypass (JIB) C) Combined malabsorptive and respective methods include the Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) [3]. The most common bariatric surgery methods are laparoscopic, which include sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Rouxen-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In terms of popularity, sleeve gastrectomy has surpassed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the last few years [2].
