**11. Tofacitinib**

A retrospective study from China looked at the efficacy of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily in 13 BD patients with refractory vascular, gastrointestinal, or articular involvement. In this study, tofacitinib had no effect on intestinal involvement. This was attributed to the resemblance of pathophysiology between EB and CD for which tofacitinib is already known to be ineffective [28].
