**4.2 Immunotherapy toxicity and outcomes in HCC patients**

The development of irAEs with checkpoint inhibitor therapy is known to be associated with improved progression-free and overall survival across multiple cancer types [85]. Multiple studies have shown that this trend extends to patients with HCC [86–88]. The relationship between irAE development and prognosis extends to HCC patients who develop high-grade irAEs, and in some studies higher grade irAEs were an even greater predictor of overall survival [87]. Although patients with HCC may be at risk for increased morbidity from irAEs due to underlying liver disease, practitioners should generally attempt to continue treatment whenever feasible, in accordance with the established ASCO guidelines.
