**5. Steps to reduce ADR in older adults**

The main factor in reducing ADR is its correct identification. It is difficult to recognize ADR in older people as they often present with nonspecific symptoms such as falls, fatigue, cognitive decline, or constipation. The inability to distinguish druginduced symptoms from a definitive medical diagnosis often results in the addition of yet another drug to treat the symptoms, which increases drug-drug interactions and ADR, known as "the prescribing cascade" [30]. For example, anti-Parkinsonian drugs are prescribed to treat motor symptoms occurred due to prolonged antipsychotic therapy. The risk of ADR can be reduced by regular monitoring of the patient, prompt identification of symptoms, and the effect of medication on different organs. Hence, both the prescribers and patients play an equal contribution in reducing the risk of ADR in the elderly.

#### **5.1 Role of prescribers**
