**2.9 Calcium signaling**

Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, and alterations in intracellular calcium levels can be indicative of toxic effects. Calcium signaling is involved in various cellular processes, such as cell division, migration, and apoptosis. Disruptions in calcium signaling can result in cellular dysfunction or death. Evaluating calcium signaling can provide insights into the effects of toxic agents on cellular communication and function. Calcium signaling can be assessed using fluorescent calcium indicators such as Fluo-4 or Fura-2.
