**3. Cytotoxic activity of asteraceae**

In 2013, Kouamé and his coworkers isolated 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone, 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,5′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone, and cadalene from the hexane soluble

**Figure 1.**

*Cytotoxic compounds from* Chromolaena odorata.

fraction of *C. odorata*. These were screened for their cytotoxicity and anticancer properties. A chalcone, 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,5′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone has both cytotoxic and anticlonogenic actions against a wide range of cell lines (Cal51, MCF7, and MDAMB-468). Also, it enhances apoptosis in Cal51 breast cancer cells when combined with the Bcl2 inhibitor ABT737 [50]. Another research group reported that genkwanin 4′-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside] has cytotoxic effects on LLC (IC50: 28.2 μM) and HL-60 (IC50: 11.6 μM) cancer cell line. Similarly, sakuranetin 4′-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside] displayed potential cytotoxic activity in HL-60 (IC50: 10.8 μM) cancer cell line [11]. Likewise, Suksamrarm and colleagues document that acacetin (IC50: 24.6 μM) and luteolin (IC50: 19.2 μM) possessed moderate cytotoxic activity in human small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H187). Luteolin (IC50: 38.4 μM) showed weak activity on human breast cancer cells (BC) [51]. A recent study proved that the EtOH leaves extract from *C. odorata* has anticancer and antiproliferative activity [52]. Another finding reported that EtOAc soluble fraction from EtOH leaves extract from *C. odorata* had cytotoxic and antiproliferative actions on HeLa cells [53]. In other reports, both the aqueous and EtOH extract of *C. odorata* demonstrated cytotoxic effects, with LC50 values of 324 and 392 μg/mL, respectively [54]. The chemical structures of some cytotoxic compounds are shown in **Figure 1**.
