**Abstract**

Man's quest for energy demands that fuel for running machines and cooking is vital for mankind. Oil and coal have served this energy quest for time immemorial. This oil quest has been present in the Albertine Graben since 1920, threatening biodiversity spots, terrestrial wildlife, and aquatic resources. The current book chapter provides insights into the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Mercury) in terrestrial and marine species and the health risk posed to terrestrial and aquatic species due to oil exploitation.

**Keywords:** oil spill, mercury, Lake Albert Graben, human-wildlife environment interface, developing country
