*The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103905*

Achieving success in dryland agriculture by overcoming the challenges of climate change requires a comprehensive approach of technical, institutional and financial innovations, so that both adaptation and mitigation strategies are consistent with efforts to safeguard food security, maintain ecosystem services, provide carbon sequestration and reduce emissions. The dryland agriculture in Ethiopia needs reform to attain much greater harmony with the natural and human environment and follow the principles of green economy and making synergies with other sectors. At the end of the day, it is possible to create climate-smart dryland agriculture that maintains livestock and crop productivity as well as reduces GHGs emissions and lessens the impact of climate change. Therefore, productive and ecologically sustainable agriculture with strongly reduced GHGs emissions is fundamental so as to reduce trade-offs in dryland agricultural development to fulfil food security, mitigate climate change and improve ecosystem degradation.
