**1. Introduction**

Endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) is defined as an altered metabolism of available nitric oxide (NO), or an imbalance of relaxing and constrictor endothelial factors [1]. Many of the physiological functions of the endothelial cells (ECs) are involved with the regulation of vascular tonicity, balancing of blood fluidity and thrombosis through coagulation and fibrinolysis factors, vascular inflammatory and immunological process control, and several growth factors [2]. Any alteration in these systems can lead to a loss of vascular homeostasis and contribute to developing endothelial dysfunction [1, 2].
