**1. Introduction**

Atrial Fibrillation is well known to cause not only substantial morbidity including stroke, congestive heart failure, and late cognitive impairment, dementia [1, 2] but is also associated with reduced survival. In subjects from the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, AF was associated with a 1.5- to 1.9-fold mortality risk after adjustment for the preexisting cardiovascular conditions with which AF was related [3]. This common cardiac arrhythmia, that increases in prevalence with advancing age, poses a perplexing treatment situation to clinicians as symptomatology varies in a wide spectrum. Symptoms can be asymptomatic in one extreme to frequent hospitalizations, hemodynamic abnormalities, and even thromboembolic events related to AF [4] which increase morbidity and mortality in the other. Despite numerous trials and scientific data it is inconclusive whereas restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is associated with clinically meaningful benefits, preferred strategy of rhythm control e.g. catheter ablation vs. anti arrhythmic drugs etc.
