**11. Future directions**

Considering the aggressive nature of the disease and its dismal prognosis, novel therapies targeting the signal transduction pathways associated with ATC are to be investigated. Several ongoing trials are being conducted that investigate the role of combining TKIs with immunotherapy or chemotherapy (**Table 5**).

#### **12. End-of-life care**

Most of the patients are present in a very advanced stage due to the rapid progression of the disease and will not be eligible for any kind of local or systemic therapy.

#### *Approach and Management of Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106463*

**Figure 3.** *Stage IV C treatment approach.*

End-of-life life care and best supportive care form an integral part of management in these groups of patients [25].
