**3. Prognosis**

ATC carries a dismal prognosis with mortality approaching 100% with 1- and 5 year survival rate less than 30 and 14%, respectively [17–20]. Patients with localized disease have a better prognosis than those with regional or distant metastasis [9, 20]. Tumor size less than 6 cm in maximum dimension carries a better prognosis [9, 18]. Other favorable prognostic factors include unilateral tumor, localized with nodenegative or no extrathyroidal extension [16, 20, 21].

Unfavorable factors include older age at diagnosis, male gender, airway compromise during the presentation, and distant metastasis [16, 20].


**Table 1.**

*Most common mutations and their expression associated with ATC.*
