**4.6 Dabrafenib and trametinib**

Dabrafenib (also known as GSK2118436) is a BRAF kinase inhibitor, which has been tested *in vitro* and has demonstrated antiproliferative effects in human colon cancer xenografts and BRAFV600E positive melanoma [83]. It has also been tested in clinical trials in BRAF-positive cancers. In this case, BRAF-positive cancers become resistant to dabrafenib in 6–7 months. To prevent this therapeutic failure dabrafenib was administered with trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, and this combination was approved by the FDA for the treatment of BRAFV600E positive metastatic melanoma. Dabrafenib and trametinib were administered to anaplastic cancer patients with BRAFV600E mutation with promising results [55, 84–87].
