**4.5 Inbreeding coefficient (FIS)**

On average, three populations of *H. molitrix* showed positive inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values, while two populations showed negative in the present study. At the screened SSR loci in the examined *H. molitrix* populations*, Fis* values ranging from 0.400 to 0.531 were recorded. Highest average *Fis* value was measured 0.365 for QH while the lowest 0.067 for CB population of *H. molitrix*. The mean values of Fis in TH, MH, and KH were observed as 0.040, 0.104, and 0.048, respectively (**Tables 6**–**10**). The comparative dispersal of *Fis* values over the screened SSR loci in each *H. molitrix* population is shown in the **Figure 8.**
