**5. Conclusions**

There is an abundant amount of data that supports Toxoplasmosis affects the behavior of animals, particularly rodents, and increasing data that supports humans also experience a variety of aberrant behaviors, personality shifts, decreased level of cognition, and development of psychiatry conditions secondary to the latent

*Understanding the Effects of Toxoplasmosis on Host Behavior, Personality, and Cognition DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108009*

toxoplasmosis infection. However, there are a few limitations that should be considered when interpreting the data presented. It cannot be confirmed that human behavioral manipulation increases the efficiency of Toxoplasmosis transmission from intermediate to definitive hosts. Clinical trial data establishing the causality of Toxoplasmosis and behavioral modifications are lacking. It is also possible that some of the identified associations represent a trait that increases the risk of Toxoplasmosis, rather than a result of Toxoplasmosis. The extensive heterogeneity seen in the human population could influence the observed effect size in studies. Additionally, there could be synergistic effects of a third unknown agent or factor contributing to the effects of Toxoplasmosis. Despite these limitations, *T. gondii* seems to play a fascinating role in the ability to modify both animal and human behaviors with new associations between Toxoplasmosis and several conditions being frequently published. It underscores that though the effect of Toxoplasmosis infection has been studied for decades, there is still so much to be learned.
