**2.13 Ethnicity, dietary habits, and cultural habits**

Although a healthy person's microbiome is largely stable, behavior or dietary culture choices may likely alter gut microbial behavior [49]. According to a study on European children given a Western diet and Liberia children eating a diet high in grain + local vegetables with relatively low lipids and animal protein, African children's flora contains a noticeable excess of Prevotella and Xylanibacter [83]. Shigella and *E. coli* bacteria are similarly underrepresented. Research [84] compared the intestinal microbiome of Hadza hunters with Italians. On either a phylum level, the Hadza gastrointestinal tract is dominated by Genus and Spirochaetes, whereas Cyanobacteria, a crucial upper octave member of the Italian gut microbiota, is almost non-existent. When the kind of food varies, biodegradation switches between carbohydrate and protein digestion. This occurred just one day after the food contacted the microorganisms in the distal intestine. Diet has a quick and long-term influence on the human microbiota, according to David et al. [85].

## **2.14 Exercise frequency**

Bai et al. [78] discovered connections between exercise regularity and gut flora composition in a study of teenagers. Daily exercise increases gut microbial diversity by producing more SCFAs, via stimulating the production of adhesion molecules in colon epithelia, which may aid to improve gut barrier resilience, limiting mucosal leakage, and modulating cytokine secretion [78, 86].
