**2. Nutritional requirements, health benefits and probiotics**

The health advantages of probiotic dietary items have increased human appeal. Such meal is not only packed in nutrients, but also lowers the risk of many disorders [48]. "Live microbial probiotics, delivered at a sufficient quantity (106 to107 CFU/g), impart health advantages on the host," according to FAO. The medicinal advantages of these products thereby encourage probiotic use [49]. The management of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections was related with probiotics. Other advantages include enhancing serum cholesterol lactose tolerance levels, increasing host immunity, and preventing antibiotic diarrhea and allergy disorders related with colon cancer [50]. The growing demand for novel probiotic products nevertheless prompted the development of probiotics, these products include ice cream and baby milk powder that supply probiotics.

#### **2.1 Health benefits**

The health benefits of probiotics include increased immunological responses, relief of lactose intolerance symptoms, therapy for diarrhea, reduction in serum of cholesterol, production of vitamin, anticarcinogenic. The most important segments of world commerce have been probiotic goods in recent years which can increases annually, the growth rate ranges in 6.8% between the year 2013 and 2018, and then reached to 37.9 billion US\$ in 2018. In the meantime, probiotic dairy products are one of the most advanced and a key part of the functional food business [17].

#### **2.2 Probiotic potential of cheese**

Cheese is useful because of the high pH, greater amount of fat and from its thick consistency. Cheese is a useful food for probiotics to the gastric intestinal system. The probiotic potential is studied and used as assistant cultures in various kinds of food products or therapeutic preparations a diverse number of food grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from PDO cheese from Italian form of Castelmagno product of cheese, Italian and Argentinean cheese products [51]. Lactobacilli are isolated from milk products, in particular from cheese, and have shown a long history of safe use because these micro-organisms are widely used to develop new fermented products, milk or meat, alcoholic beverages and sourdough.

Piewngam [52], studied that the formulations of probiotics are believed to enhance human health, such as immunostimulant effects or interbacterial competition between helpful bacteria and harmful ones. The use of probiotics was seen as a potential method for the prevention and management of many infectious illnesses.

#### *Probiotics in Processed Dairy Products and Their Role in Gut Microbiota Health DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104482*

Piewngam et al [53] found a reverse linkage between human colonization with species of Bacillus and *S. aureus*. The researchers also detected a key mechanism through the suppression of quorum sensing through which species of Bacillus can kill *S. aureus*. Chung [54] described that the fengycins are the types of bacilli produced lipopeptides that are identified through the process of chromatography and mass spectrometry.

#### *2.2.1 Efficacy of* S. aureus

Another work carried out by Moraes et al. [55] has demonstrated the efficacy of *S. aureus* biofilms produced on titanium discs in *Lactobacillus brevis* and *B. bifidum.* The results indicated a decrease in growth of *S. aureus* on titanium disc when both probiotics were applied but in *L. brevis* strains the highest inhibitory effect was seen.

#### **2.3 Examination of** *Helicobacter pylori* **(***H. pylori***) as an infection**

Goderska et al. [56] examined *Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori*) as an infection which has been seen as difficult to treat, particularly as it has gained an increased resistance to antibiotically widely used. Probiotics in conjunction with antibiotic regimens are increasingly being used to eliminate *H. pylori.* In addition to the advantages of probiotic bacteria to the intestine's probiotics have shown effective for the treatment of various bowel disorders including diarrhea; several positive effects on the stomach, including anti-*Helicobacter pylori* have also been documented [57].

The advantages of probiotic treatment are reduced microbial charge and host tolerance in instances with *H. pylori.* Several research have revealed the positive benefits of various *H. pylori* probiotics by reinforcing the mucosal barrier, while increasing adhesion and immunomodulation competition.

A study carried out by Lahtinen et al. [58] demonstrated that the growth of *Staphylococcus aureus,* often seen in systemic and peri-implant infections, has been prevented from 3 out of 38 strains of *Bifidobacterium*. The antibacterial activity of various probiotic Lactobacilli strains was studied by Lazarenko et al. [59]. In a model of intravaginal infection in mouse, *B. bifidum (B. bifidum)* was found to be largely effective against *S. aureus* with a substantial reduction in the amount of *S. aureus* cells caused by vaginal spraying. In comparison with other probiotic strains of various genera, *B. Bifidum* exhibited superior anti-staphylococcal efficacy.
