**3.7** *Citrus viroid V*

This viroid like CBLVd belongs to *Pospiviroidae* family, *Apscaviroid* genus. The genome of this viroid has 293–294 nucleotides and its conformation, like others, is rodlike. This viroid induces mild but typical symptoms on citrus leaves. This viroid causes reduced tree size and yield, and on stems, you can see very small necrotic lesions and cracks, sometimes filled with gum insensitive hosts like Etrog citron [56].

As a result, Typical viroid symptoms on this host include leaf tip browning, petiole wrinkle, and browning, mid-vein necrosis, leaf epinasty, leaf bending, bark cracking, gumming, and tree stunting [7].

#### **3.8 Management of viroid diseases**

The best work is prevention and it includes (1) using a viroid-free budwood as propagation material; (2) The appropriate sanitation at cutting and trimming time; (3) treatment of cutting tools with disinfectants; and (4) adequate indexing methods [24].
