**8. Future prospects**

Nevertheless, much effort has been made in oilseed rape cultivation, breeding, and production improvement. Still, there are issues that need to be solved. The improvements of oilseed rape cultivars should be oriented to enhance the tolerance to the environment, especially for xeric conditions, disease, and herbicides, to eliminate green seed, increase yield, develop early cultivars for short season environments and improve nutrient use efficiency.

Also, an effort should be made to improve cultivars for lodging and pod shatter tolerance. The studies should also be oriented to explore new possibilities to use oilseed rape in producing new biodegradable products, develop sustainable solutions for oilseed rape cultivation, explore beneficial oil extraction methods, and improve pest control management. And finally, the benefits and the harm of oilseed rape use for human health should be better examined.
