**3.9 Non-food industrial application**

Hemp is used to make rope, textiles, clothing, shoes, paper, bioplastics, insulators, and biofuel.

### **3.10 Palm oil**

For edible applications, Palm oil is currently used extensively in food preparation and manufacturing around the world. When refined, palm oil is used in the food industry as margarine, shortening, vanaspati, sugar confectionary, frying fat and special fat. Recently, it has been used in emulsion based, powdered and convenience food products. Palm oil and palm kernel oil have been used to replace butterfat in ice cream and in milk preparation to make filled milk. Infant formulas as well as salad oils are now being made with palm oil as it has a low melting point. Palm oil has also been used in the pharmaceutical industry as many important oil fractions such as natural carotenes, vitamin E, sterols, squalene, coenzymes and phenolic compounds are used for many pharmaceutical applications.

### *3.10.1 Non-edible applications of palm oil*

This is mainly found in the soap and oleochemical industries, where it is applied in the manufacture of soap, diesel substitute, epoxidized palm oil, polyols, polyurethanes, polyacrylates and raw materials for oleochemicals such as oleochemicals or derivatives based on C12-C14 and C16-C18 chain lengths with a variety of applications. Palm oil has also been used to make rubber, glycerine, soap, candles, and cosmetics.

#### **3.11 Cottonseed oil**

Cottonseed oil is used as liquid oil and in the manufacture of shortening and margarine in food industries.

#### *3.11.1 Non-food industrial application of cotton seed oil*

It can also be used in the manufacture of soap, sulfonated lubricating oil, pharmaceuticals, rubber, as a carrier for nickel catalysts, and to a lesser extent in the manufacture of leather, textiles, printing ink, polishes, synthetic plastics, and resins. Cottonseed oil has been used in the synthesis of sucrose polyesters as a noncaloric fat substitute, bearing the trade name Olean or a common name Olestra, suitable for human consumption.
