**Abstract**

Oilseed crops are major part of human diet providing energy, used for cosmetics, health supplements and other purposes. Intensive agricultural practices, overexploitation of natural resource and climate change pattern have adverse impact on soil health, thus becoming serious concern for oilseed crop production and livelihood security of farmers. Maintenance of soil health with amendments can restore, revitalize and regain the soil quality for sustainable agriculture. Soil amendments, therefore have definite advantage by improving soil health and facilitating nutrient supply to oilseed crops. Soil organic amendments such as animal manure, compost, vermicompost, biosolids/sewage sludge, biochar etc. and inorganic amendments such as gypsum, zeolite, pyrite etc. are the most commonly available amendments which can be directly applied to soil after treatments. Direct and indirect effect of soil amendments on soil chemical, physical and biological properties significantly influences soil-plant-continuum, beneficial for soil health improvement, carbon sequestration and oilseed yield improvement. Soil organic amendments could substitute nearly 25–50% of synthetic fertilizers, enhance nutrient use efficiency and influencing oilseed yield response. Soil amendments may sustain or increase oilseed productivity at reduced production and environmental cost, thus, improve soil health and water use efficiency and its quality, and mitigating climate change impact.

**Keywords:** gypsum, organic amendments, oilseed crops, soil properties, yield response
