**3. Conclusion**

World dairy production and consumption were significantly increased in the last three decades, researchers and trend analysts claim that this growth will continue for the next few decades. However, in some countries especially in the EU, the number of cows is decreasing in recent years due to environmental, animal welfare, and other reasons. On the other hand, a number of technologies are invented and introduced to support the intensification of dairy farms. Recent technologies such as automatic milking machines, sensors, blockchain, and automatic feeders can provide significant improvements to milk production, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare in livestock agriculture. Similarly, sophisticated milk processing technologies have also been developed, which will have a remarkable role to produce dairy products that are wholesome and fit for human consumption. As well most recent processing technologies have a great potential for reducing GHG emissions during production, processing, and storage. Recently new biotechnological products are being developed for use in both animal production and food processing, dairy product bio-preservation, probiotics manipulation and synthesis, enzyme manufacturing, milk-derived bioactive peptides, other functional components production, and starter cultures technology and genetic manipulation are all examples of biotechnological applications. Conversely, the invention and application of these mysterious technologies were restricted in developed countries. Therefore, these advanced technologies should be more accessible to farmers around the world particularly to farmers in developing countries to improve milk production per cow, reduce higher GHG emissions, and feed growing populations.
