**4. Conclusion**

Intensive livestock farming may be a great strategy to ensure global food security and meet the increased global demand for meat, eggs, and dairy products. However, high operations cost, particularly related to animal feeding, compromises the expansion of this vital industry, especially in developing countries. The use of agro-industrial by-products may help reduce feeding costs without compromising the nutritional quality while reducing the risk of environmental pollution. However, by-products feeds vary largely in nutritional composition, with some containing high levels of crude protein, ether extract, and carbohydrates which have a significant influence on the growth and reproductive performance of ruminants. Diets containing 30 to 45% of coconut meal, rich in lipids and protein, may improve sperm progressive motility, sperm concentration per mL, total sperm per ejaculate, and total viable sperm per ejaculate of beef goats, compared with diets with no or lower coconut meal content. Diets with coconut meals may also enhance the semen quality of sheep. Thus, the use of coconut meal for animal feeding can make intensive farming systems more efficient by improving animal production and reducing feeding costs.
