**Abstract**

Worldwide continuous demand for milk and milk products triggers different stakeholders in the dairy sector, which leads to the establishment of modern dairy farms, processing companies, and the invention of artificial intelligence. This dramatic change in the sector boosted milk production and reduce the impact of dairying on the environment. There has been a tremendous improvement in all unit activities such as separation, standardization, pasteurization, homogenization, and packing due to modern innovations in the fluid milk processing business. Advanced technologies in milk processing are applied to extend the shelf life, enhance the nutritional quality and safety of dairy products and health advantages without altering its physicochemical characteristics. Generally, the use of recent technologies in milk production has a significant impact to address the demand for milk and milk products, poverty alleviation, reducing GHG emissions, and other global challenges. The dairy industry can benefit greatly from new advancements and innovations in modern biotechnology, such as rDNA technology, transgenics, probiotics, bio preservatives, recombinant enzymes, starter culture, and improved bioprocess engineering tools by producing novel foods customized for specific consumers. While biotechnology brings incredible benefits, it also persuades a potential impact on health and the environment. Therefore, its application needs great intention.

**Keywords:** biotechnology, dairy product, milk, technology, processing
