**1. Introduction**

Water is the most precious resource on earth and is also the most abundant constituent of most organisms. This implies that most organisms including plants depend on water for their survival. Plants absorb a large quantity of water from the soil for physiological and biochemical processes that transform into growth and development of the plant. The importance of water to crop production made it an essential factor in ensuring food security. The trending issues of climate change resulting in erratic precipitation patterns, and increasing desert encroachment pose a threat to farmers in producing food that will meet the demand of the global

population. To ensure food security in a changing world, additional water supply in the form of irrigation is necessary.

The artificial application of water to soil to meet the water need of crops and to maximize production is termed Irrigation. Irrigation systems are of two types based on their driven force (gravity-driven and pressure-driven). Whatever irrigation method is adopted, its purpose is to attain better water management and a higher yield.
