**6.2 Solar powered tube well**

Renewable resources of energy such as solar power can be utilized for a solarpowered tubewell that can be operated during the day. Because of their higher efficiency and delivery head, submersible pumps are commonly employed as solarpowered tube wells. For calculating horsepower to run the pump depending on groundwater levels can be used to estimate the number of solar panels. The multistage submersible pump is powered by a DC motor linked. For the installation of solar tube wells, a three-stage submersible pump is required. The discharge of the solar tube well fluctuates throughout the day depending on the position of the sun. The tube well's peak discharge is expected between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m.

#### **6.3 High-efficiency irrigation system**

Pressurized irrigation systems, such as drip system irrigation and sprinkler system of irrigation, are commonly referred to as high-efficiency irrigation systems. Sprinkler irrigation systems have an irrigation efficiency of 70–80%, while drip irrigation systems have an irrigation efficiency of 80–95%. Both systems have different levels of applicability depending on the terrain, soil, water source, and crop. Both technologies are considered water conservation methods because they provide superior control over irrigation water application.

#### **6.4 Raised bed planting technology**

Growing crops on raised beds is one of the enhanced irrigation systems used all over the world, and it has several advantages. Crop yields on the bed, for example, are boosted by better nitrogen management, root aeration, efficient use of irrigation, and reduced lodging risk [14]. In comparison to flat sowing, this approach reduces seed

rates without sacrificing crop yields. Better crops stand and yields are also ensured by improved root development in bed planting [15]. Above important, compared to traditional sowing, bed planting promises significant water savings of 35 to 45 percent, as well as the elimination of crust formation on the soil surface [16]. When compared to flat sowing, the next crops on permanent beds have shown higher yields and water savings ranging from 20 to 40%.

The following are the main benefits of bed planting for wheat crops:


Other benefits which raised bed technology can give are improved water and fertilizer use efficiencies along with the least weeds and no lodging of the standing crop.
