*10.2.5 Recharge shaft*

A recharge shaft may be dug or drilled. The recharge shaft are filled with pebbles, sand and boulders, where cleaning can be done by removing the top layers alone and refilling it. This type's ground water recharge is most commonly seen in area where the shallow aquifer is located. They are constructed where there is low permeability and ends in more permeable layer. Usually the depth of the recharge shaft varies from 10 to 15 m below the ground level [17].

*An Overview on Techniques Involved in Recharging Ground Water and Its Impacts DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105448*

#### *10.2.6 Dug wells*

Dug wells are the most common method of extracting water from ground water table. Dug well are bored manually since the labour charges are minimal. in this methods the dug well are bored deep down until it reaches the ground water level from where water can be obtained with the help of pumps and by other means. The diameter at initial phase is 1.5 meters and at final stage after lined with stones, bricks, or tiles to prevent disintegration, it is 1.2 meters but in some cases the diameter at initial phase is 15 meters. Since the excavation cannot do beyond the ground water table it will be only 10 to 30 feet deep. There are also high chances of contamination, since the well are shallow. In order to prevent the contamination there must be certain features (**Figure 11**).
