**4. Global**

The world is surrounded by 99% of sea water, at which only one percentage covers the water which could be adopted as potable water. This 1% of potable water covers the fresh water that is available at the streams and the ground water which is stored under the aquifers. Among which the 40% of ground water is currently utilized for the world's irrigation purpose alone, as it provides about 13% of total food production and also 44% of irrigated food production globally [6, 7].

Though the food production and agricultural crop yield has significantly increased, at certain parts of the world the depletion of ground water has been occurred leading to replenishment levels.

An estimated amount of 14 to 17 percent of food produced with groundwater relies on unsustainable mining of groundwater resources globally. Regionally, the reliance on depleting groundwater sources for food production is greatest in South Asia, the OECD countries, East Asia, and the Near East and North Africa (MENA), where 15 percent, 16 percent, 21 percent, and 25 percent of total crop production from groundwater, respectively, is unsustainable [6].

Overexploitation causes groundwater tables to descend, water quality to depreciate, environmental dilapidation, pumping costs to ascend, and crop yields to plummet. Additionally, overreliance on depleting groundwater resources poses momentous risks, jeopardizing prospect food production and global food security as agricultural land becomes less prolific, if not nonproductive. These issues are progressively more being discussed at the national and international levels, such as at the World Food and Agriculture Organization's Global Forum for Food and Agriculture.

#### **5. Optimizing groundwater policies to boost sustainable groundwater use**

Effective groundwater use has been constrained due to incorrect policies. The ground water is underutilized in many parts of India since there is abundant seasonal rainfall in the Indian states. The electric tube well pumps method were allowed to take by farmers in order to preserve the state ground water underground water legislation which was enacted in mid 2000s.the agriculture growth estimated to be 5% per in the year 1980s and 1990s, it fell to 2% in 2000s due to legislation where farmers has limited access to electric pump which consumes high expensive diesel pumps and electricity. State's actual abundance of groundwater was reflected by scientist and state officials, who reviewed the changing policies which was done few years later

#### *An Overview on Techniques Involved in Recharging Ground Water and Its Impacts DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105448*

after amendment of ground water legislation. The smallholder farmers are encouraged to use to use available water to boost agriculture productivity by relaxing the electric pump processing and flat electric connection were introduced to farmers. This policy change was implemented in the year 2011 under the recommendation of farmers. This policy results in higher net returns, better water quality and higher value outputs as this policies brought modification where over 140,000 new electric connections for tube well were established. This improves the irrigation on 250,000 ha for approximately 1.3 million water users [8]. Researchers and officials are now reviewing the policy to see if any additional changes are required to protect the state's interests [6, 9].
