**5. Water resources management**

Water resources management is categorized into two types


#### **5.1 On-farm water management**

On-farm irrigation water management includes adjusting factors like irrigation timing and volumes, flow rates, and water control systems. These and many other factors can be adjusted to meet desired agricultural production targets while staying within the limits given by soils, crops, climate, water availability, and economics, as well as social and other factors.

There are several advantages to proper on-farm water management. In general, an effective on-farm water management scheme aids in the maximization or optimization of output. It can assist minimize water and energy usage, allowing more water and energy to be used to irrigate more area while also lowering the cost of an irrigation system. It can prevent fertilizer loss due to excessive water application, lowering the quantity of fertilizer required to meet targeted production targets. A competent management program ensures that root zone salinity is kept below acceptable limits, and that soil water logging and excessive deep percolation losses are reduced or avoided. It can aid in the elimination of issues like erosion and the management of crop diseases caused by insufficient or excessive water application. Water management can help you save time on the machine and the job.

The engineer, technician, or farmer must first have a thorough understanding of the irrigation system before implementing an efficient irrigation water management scheme. They must be knowledgeable of the many design and management options available.

For example, more land may be irrigated in that location if water is used more efficiently in a project upstream. Users downstream, on the other hand, may have to rely on upstream users' return flows to keep irrigating. Implementing a good on-farm water management program is a highly specific and planned procedure that includes several components. Certain requirements needed as below:


Following the implementation of the program, both technical experts and the farmer handle monitoring.
