**4. Designing irrigation system**

An irrigation design system is a way of determining the efficiency and effectiveness of water use, which involves management that affects the performance, yield, and quality of crops. One of the reasons for an irrigation system is the common phenomena of extreme weather events (e.g., floods and droughts). Recently, advancements in irrigation technologies are increasing. The use of robotics, smart controllers and remote sensing, and soil moisture sensors are gradually integrated into irrigation management [18]. However, the effectiveness of these technologies depends on the design of the irrigation system.

The quality of agricultural products could be improved by adopting this highpressurized irrigation system, as the supply of water to crops is through piping. Designing effective irrigation systems and equipment will not only save money but will also conserve water, and results in improved agricultural production. The factors to be considered when designing irrigation systems and scheduling irrigation include:

#### **4.1 Water source**

The source of water is a determining factor in designing an efficient irrigation system. There are three main sources of water which include, groundwater, surface water and rainwater. Ground water is found under rocks, for example, spring water. Surface water includes water found on the surface of the earth examples are ocean, river, streams and lakes. Furthermore, rainwater from the atmosphere could be collected and used for irrigation. Depending on geographical location, the source and quantity of water for irrigation could differ which in turn could determine the type of irrigation system to be adopted. Also, the quality of available water needs to be considered.
