**13.1 Surface irrigation**

There is no irrigation pump in this system. Gravity distributes water throughout the terrain here. Water is ponded on an enclosed level field and allowed to penetrate basins, borders, or furrows in surface irrigation.

Water is applied to the field in either a controlled or uncontrolled manner.


Water is applied from the water channel outlet and controlled by borders and/or furrows. Surface irrigation is only used when there is plenty of water. The cheap initial design expense is countered subsequently by the high labor cost for water application.


Following are some advantages and disadvantages of surface irrigation methods.

